氮肥减施下添加硝化抑制剂对夏玉米氮素累积转运和产量的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0990

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确硝化抑制剂对夏玉米氮素高效利用的影响，通过连续2年田间试验研究不同氮肥减施水平下添加硝化抑制剂（2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶）对夏玉米产量和氮素累积转运及利用的影响。结果表明，氮肥减施20%并添加硝化抑制剂不影响玉米植株各器官及总干物质的累积量，各器官的氮素累积量及植株的总氮吸收量未出现下降趋势，其产量与正常施氮处理无显著差异。随着施氮量的增加，玉米植株的氮素转运量呈先增后降趋势，其中减氮20%配施硝化抑制剂处理的氮素转运量和转运率均最高，分别为62.41 kg·hm^-2和44.54%，对籽粒氮素贡献率达33.96%。氮肥偏生产力随施氮量的增加而下降，平均为58.94 kg·kg^-1；每生产100 kg籽粒平均需吸收纯氮1.96 kg，以减氮10%处理最高。综合玉米产量、氮素转运累积和利用等因素，在常规施氮的基础上氮肥减施20%，并配施硝化抑制剂2-氯-6-三氯甲基吡啶，既能够保证玉米高产、稳产，又能够促进农田生态系统中氮素的高效利用，达到节本增效的目的。

关键词: 夏玉米, 硝化抑制剂, 氮素累积, 氮素转运, 产量

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of nitrification inhibitor on nitrogen high-utilization in the summer maize production， two-year field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of nitrification inhibitor （2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine， CP） application on grain yield and nitrogen accumulation and transportation and utilization of summer maize under reduced nitrogen （N） treatments in Henan province. The results showed that， compared with the normal N fertilization treatment， N reduced by 20% with CP had no effect on the each organ of plant and total dry matter accumulation， as well as N absorption and accumulation. There was no difference in grain yield between treatments and normal application. With N application increased， the amount of N transportation in the plant showed first increased and then decreased. The treatment of N reduced by 20% with CP had the highest N transportation amount and transportation rate with 62.41 kg·hm^-2 and 44.54%， respectively， and the contribution rate to grain was 33.96%. The nitrogen partial factor productivity （NPFP） decreased with N application increased with the average 58.94 kg·kg^-1. Amount of pure N absorbed per 100 kg grain was averagely 1.96 kg and highest value was obtained in treatment of N reduced by 10%. Based on the grain yield， N transportation and accumulation and utilization， the application of N reduced by 20% with CP could maintain the high and stable yield， promote N use efficiency， and reduce cost and increase efficiency in maize production.

Key words: summer maize, nitrification inhibitor, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen transportation, yield

中图分类号:

S513

张盼盼, 李川, 张美微, 赵霞, 牛军, 乔江方. 氮肥减施下添加硝化抑制剂对夏玉米氮素累积转运和产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(6): 181-189.

Panpan ZHANG, Chuan LI, Meiwei ZHANG, Xia ZHAO, Jun NIU, Jiangfang QIAO. Effect of Nitrification Inhibitor Application on Nitrogen Accumulation and Transportation and Grain Yield of Summer Maize Under Reduced Nitrogen[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(6): 181-189.

图/表 6

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年份Year	处理Treatment	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	鞘 Sheath	穗轴Cobs	苞叶Bract	籽粒 Grain	植株Plant
2019	T1	5.66±0.06 bc	3.73±0.00 a	1.58±0.05 ab	1.91±0.02 a	1.10±0.01 a	10.61±0.32 ab	24.59±0.16 ab
	T2	7.82±0.23 a	3.42±0.00 ab	1.64±0.07 a	1.46±0.04 bc	1.14±0.01 a	11.12±0.44 ab	26.59±0.21 a
	T3	4.81±0.19 cd	2.84±0.03 bcd	1.31±0.01 bc	1.64±0.07 abc	0.87±0.03 abc	10.41±0.10 bc	21.89±0.04 bc
	T4	5.99±0.06 b	3.26±0.10 bc	1.62±0.05 a	1.88±0.02 a	0.93±0.03 ab	11.59±0.35 a	25.26±0.76 a
	T5	3.74±0.11 cd	3.61±0.14 ab	1.39±0.01 bc	1.62±0.05 abc	0.80±0.03 bc	9.55±0.38 c	20.71±0.06 bc
	T6	5.27±0.21 bc	3.31±0.03 ab	1.52±0.02 ab	1.78±0.07 ab	0.98±0.01 ab	9.33±0.28 cd	22.18±0.23 bc
	T7	3.62±0.04 cd	2.80±0.08 cd	1.25±0.04 c	1.26±0.01 c	0.71±0.02 bc	9.33±0.37 cd	18.96±0.19 c
	平均Mean	5.27	3.28	1.47	1.65	0.93	10.28	22.88
2020	T1	5.10±0.15 ab	3.35±0.00 a	1.42±0.04 a	1.72±0.02 a	0.99±0.03 a	11.95±0.48 a	24.53±0.21 a
	T2	4.53±0.18 b	2.88±0.00 abc	1.18±0.05 bc	1.31±0.04 ab	0.73±0.01 abc	11.43±0.11 ab	22.05±0.04 ab
	T3	4.33±0.04 bc	2.76±0.08 abc	1.38±0.01 ab	1.48±0.06 ab	0.98±0.01 a	11.17±0.34 ab	22.10±0.21 ab
	T4	5.39±0.16 a	2.94±0.12 abc	1.46±0.00 a	1.69±0.02 a	0.84±0.03 ab	12.49±0.37 a	24.80±0.04 a
	T5	4.47±0.18 bc	3.25±0.03 ab	1.25±0.00 abc	1.46±0.00 ab	0.72±0.03 abc	10.97±0.11 ab	22.11±0.15 ab
	T6	3.96±0.04 bcd	3.12±0.09 ab	1.26±0.04 abc	1.44±0.00 ab	0.76±0.01 abc	11.16±0.33 b	21.69±0.18 bc
	T7	3.26±0.10 cd	2.52±0.10 bc	1.12±0.04 bc	1.13±0.03 b	0.63±0.02 bc	11.02±0.44 b	19.69±0.04 c
	平均 Mean	4.43	2.97	1.30	1.46	0.81	11.46	22.43

年份Year	处理Treatment	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	鞘 Sheath	穗轴Cobs	苞叶Bract	籽粒 Grain	植株Plant
2019	T1	5.66±0.06 bc	3.73±0.00 a	1.58±0.05 ab	1.91±0.02 a	1.10±0.01 a	10.61±0.32 ab	24.59±0.16 ab
	T2	7.82±0.23 a	3.42±0.00 ab	1.64±0.07 a	1.46±0.04 bc	1.14±0.01 a	11.12±0.44 ab	26.59±0.21 a
	T3	4.81±0.19 cd	2.84±0.03 bcd	1.31±0.01 bc	1.64±0.07 abc	0.87±0.03 abc	10.41±0.10 bc	21.89±0.04 bc
	T4	5.99±0.06 b	3.26±0.10 bc	1.62±0.05 a	1.88±0.02 a	0.93±0.03 ab	11.59±0.35 a	25.26±0.76 a
	T5	3.74±0.11 cd	3.61±0.14 ab	1.39±0.01 bc	1.62±0.05 abc	0.80±0.03 bc	9.55±0.38 c	20.71±0.06 bc
	T6	5.27±0.21 bc	3.31±0.03 ab	1.52±0.02 ab	1.78±0.07 ab	0.98±0.01 ab	9.33±0.28 cd	22.18±0.23 bc
	T7	3.62±0.04 cd	2.80±0.08 cd	1.25±0.04 c	1.26±0.01 c	0.71±0.02 bc	9.33±0.37 cd	18.96±0.19 c
	平均Mean	5.27	3.28	1.47	1.65	0.93	10.28	22.88
2020	T1	5.10±0.15 ab	3.35±0.00 a	1.42±0.04 a	1.72±0.02 a	0.99±0.03 a	11.95±0.48 a	24.53±0.21 a
	T2	4.53±0.18 b	2.88±0.00 abc	1.18±0.05 bc	1.31±0.04 ab	0.73±0.01 abc	11.43±0.11 ab	22.05±0.04 ab
	T3	4.33±0.04 bc	2.76±0.08 abc	1.38±0.01 ab	1.48±0.06 ab	0.98±0.01 a	11.17±0.34 ab	22.10±0.21 ab
	T4	5.39±0.16 a	2.94±0.12 abc	1.46±0.00 a	1.69±0.02 a	0.84±0.03 ab	12.49±0.37 a	24.80±0.04 a
	T5	4.47±0.18 bc	3.25±0.03 ab	1.25±0.00 abc	1.46±0.00 ab	0.72±0.03 abc	10.97±0.11 ab	22.11±0.15 ab
	T6	3.96±0.04 bcd	3.12±0.09 ab	1.26±0.04 abc	1.44±0.00 ab	0.76±0.01 abc	11.16±0.33 b	21.69±0.18 bc
	T7	3.26±0.10 cd	2.52±0.10 bc	1.12±0.04 bc	1.13±0.03 b	0.63±0.02 bc	11.02±0.44 b	19.69±0.04 c
	平均 Mean	4.43	2.97	1.30	1.46	0.81	11.46	22.43

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	鞘 Sheath	穗轴 Cobs	苞叶 Bract	籽粒 Grain	植株 Plant
2019	T1	29.49±0.29 bcd	37.40±1.12 bc	4.59±0.18 cd	3.65±0.04 bc	4.86±0.05 b	124.22±1.24 ab	204.21±2.04 ab
	T2	32.12±0.96 bc	42.66±1.28 a	5.89±0.06 b	4.41±0.76 a	6.03±0.18 a	124.87±3.75 a	215.98±2.16 a
	T3	33.39±1.34 bc	42.58±1.70 a	5.42±0.16 bc	3.94±0.04 ab	3.45±0.14 bc	125.12±5.00 a	213.89±6.42 a
	T4	44.24±0.44 a	36.44±0.36 bc	6.55±0.26 a	4.08±0.12 a	4.37±0.13 b	123.22±1.23 ab	218.90±8.76 a
	T5	34.04±1.02 bc	27.44±0.82 d	4.89±0.15 cd	3.10±0.12 c	4.58±0.14 b	125.28±1.25 a	199.33±5.98 ab
	T6	37.53±1.50 b	32.55±1.30 cd	6.93±0.28 a	4.00±0.16 ab	6.51±0.26 a	109.50±3.29 c	197.01±5.91 abc
	T7	25.88±0.26 cd	33.32±1.00 bcd	3.88±0.04 d	3.20±0.03 c	3.77±0.15 bc	120.82±4.83 bc	190.88±7.64 bc
	平均Mean	35.24	36.06	5.45	3.77	4.80	122.25	205.74
2020	T1	41.55±0.42 b	45.13±0.45 a	9.07±0.36 ab	5.73±0.17 a	4.52±0.14 ab	125.57±1.22 ab	231.57±9.26 ab
	T2	53.92±1.62 a	48.16±1.44 a	10.33±0.10 a	3.22±0.13 cd	5.11±0.20 a	120.18±3.61 bc	240.92±2.41 a
	T3	33.64±1.35 bc	42.68±1.71 ab	7.69±0.23 cd	3.96±0.04 bc	3.06±0.03 bcd	129.92±5.20 a	220.95±2.21 abc
	T4	34.88±0.35 bc	41.56±0.42 ab	7.87±0.24 cd	4.75±0.76 ab	4.53±0.05 ab	135.47±1.35 a	229.06±2.29 ab
	T5	30.10±0.30 cd	42.15±1.26 ab	7.77±0.08 cd	3.00±0.03 cd	2.42±0.07 cd	125.10±1.25 ab	210.55±6.32 bc
	T6	25.91±0.26 d	35.38±1.42 bc	8.67±0.26 bc	3.89±0.12 bc	4.14±0.17 bc	130.79±3.92 a	208.78±8.35 bcd
	T7	28.09±0.84 d	32.19±0.32 c	7.74±0.31 cd	4.22±0.17 ab	2.82±0.03 cd	114.50±1.15 c	189.56±1.90 cd
	平均Mean	35.44	41.04	8.45	4.11	3.80	125.93	218.77

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	鞘 Sheath	穗轴 Cobs	苞叶 Bract	籽粒 Grain	植株 Plant
2019	T1	29.49±0.29 bcd	37.40±1.12 bc	4.59±0.18 cd	3.65±0.04 bc	4.86±0.05 b	124.22±1.24 ab	204.21±2.04 ab
	T2	32.12±0.96 bc	42.66±1.28 a	5.89±0.06 b	4.41±0.76 a	6.03±0.18 a	124.87±3.75 a	215.98±2.16 a
	T3	33.39±1.34 bc	42.58±1.70 a	5.42±0.16 bc	3.94±0.04 ab	3.45±0.14 bc	125.12±5.00 a	213.89±6.42 a
	T4	44.24±0.44 a	36.44±0.36 bc	6.55±0.26 a	4.08±0.12 a	4.37±0.13 b	123.22±1.23 ab	218.90±8.76 a
	T5	34.04±1.02 bc	27.44±0.82 d	4.89±0.15 cd	3.10±0.12 c	4.58±0.14 b	125.28±1.25 a	199.33±5.98 ab
	T6	37.53±1.50 b	32.55±1.30 cd	6.93±0.28 a	4.00±0.16 ab	6.51±0.26 a	109.50±3.29 c	197.01±5.91 abc
	T7	25.88±0.26 cd	33.32±1.00 bcd	3.88±0.04 d	3.20±0.03 c	3.77±0.15 bc	120.82±4.83 bc	190.88±7.64 bc
	平均Mean	35.24	36.06	5.45	3.77	4.80	122.25	205.74
2020	T1	41.55±0.42 b	45.13±0.45 a	9.07±0.36 ab	5.73±0.17 a	4.52±0.14 ab	125.57±1.22 ab	231.57±9.26 ab
	T2	53.92±1.62 a	48.16±1.44 a	10.33±0.10 a	3.22±0.13 cd	5.11±0.20 a	120.18±3.61 bc	240.92±2.41 a
	T3	33.64±1.35 bc	42.68±1.71 ab	7.69±0.23 cd	3.96±0.04 bc	3.06±0.03 bcd	129.92±5.20 a	220.95±2.21 abc
	T4	34.88±0.35 bc	41.56±0.42 ab	7.87±0.24 cd	4.75±0.76 ab	4.53±0.05 ab	135.47±1.35 a	229.06±2.29 ab
	T5	30.10±0.30 cd	42.15±1.26 ab	7.77±0.08 cd	3.00±0.03 cd	2.42±0.07 cd	125.10±1.25 ab	210.55±6.32 bc
	T6	25.91±0.26 d	35.38±1.42 bc	8.67±0.26 bc	3.89±0.12 bc	4.14±0.17 bc	130.79±3.92 a	208.78±8.35 bcd
	T7	28.09±0.84 d	32.19±0.32 c	7.74±0.31 cd	4.22±0.17 ab	2.82±0.03 cd	114.50±1.15 c	189.56±1.90 cd
	平均Mean	35.44	41.04	8.45	4.11	3.80	125.93	218.77

处理 Treatment		吐丝期营养器官氮素累积量 N accumulation in vegetative organ in silking stage/（kg·hm^-2）	花后氮素转运量 N transportation amount after silking/ （kg·hm^-2）	花后氮素转运率 N transportation rate after silking/%	花后氮素转运对籽粒氮素贡献率 Concentration rate to grain of N transportation after silking/%
2019	T1	123.84±1.24 bc	43.85±1.75 a	35.41±1.13 a	35.30±0.35 a
	T2	130.54±3.92 ab	39.43±0.39 bc	30.20±0.91 bc	31.58±0.95 abc
	T3	126.43±3.79 abc	37.66±1.13 bcd	29.79±1.19 bc	30.10±0.30 bc
	T4	136.49±1.36 a	40.81±1.63 ab	29.90±0.30 bc	33.12±0.99 ab
	T5	115.44±3.46 cd	41.39±0.41 a	35.86±1.43 a	33.04±1.32 ab
	T6	112.29±4.49 cd	24.78±0.25 d	22.07±0.22 cd	22.63±0.23 cd
	T7	105.22±1.05 cd	35.16±0.35 cd	33.42±1.00 ab	29.10±0.87 bc
	平均Mean	121.46	37.58	30.95	30.70
2020	T1	146.03±1.46 ab	40.03±1.60 bc	27.41±0.27 bc	31.88±1.28 abc
	T2	153.85±1.54 a	33.12±1.32 cd	21.53±0.86 bc	27.56±0.28 bcd
	T3	134.86±4.05 bc	43.83±0.44 ab	32.50±0.33 ab	33.73±0.34 ab
	T4	140.73±5.63 abc	47.14±1.41 a	33.50±1.34 a	34.80±0.35 a
	T5	121.90±3.66 bcd	36.45±1.46 cd	29.90±0.90 abc	29.14±1.17 bc
	T6	117.57±1.18 cd	39.57±0.40 bc	33.66±1.35 a	30.25±0.91 bc
	T7	108.80±3.26 cd	33.74±0.34 cd	31.01±0.31 ab	29.47±0.29 bc
	平均Mean	131.96	39.12	29.93	30.97