棉花枯萎病菌及其培养条件筛选

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0958

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

枯萎病是棉花生产的主要病害之一，枯萎病菌的培养对枯萎病抗性鉴定至关重要。针对5个不同来源（河北曲周、鸡泽、保定、乌鲁木齐及中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，分别命名为QF、JF、BF、WF、PF）的枯萎病菌7号生理小种，设置了8种培养基及2个培养温度处理，研究菌的生长速率、产孢数及孢子的致病力，以筛选适宜的枯萎病菌及其培养条件。结果表明：枯萎病菌BF产孢量最大，棉花枯萎病感病品种冀棉11接菌QF、JF、BF以及WF 35 d后仍未发病或者发病不明显，PF致病力最强且使冀棉11在接菌后25~30 d出现枯萎病症状；Czapek固体培养基培养的菌落生长速率为1.29 cm·d^-1，显著高于其他培养基；PSA-200固体培养基上培养的枯萎病菌产孢量显著高于PSA-75和Czapek，PSA-200总产孢量最大，Czapek总产孢量最小；Czapek液体培养基产孢数显著高于其他培养基且培养4 d为宜，但培养温度25和30 ℃之间产孢量差异不显著。该结果为棉花枯萎病菌筛选及其培养提供参考依据。

关键词: 棉花, 枯萎病菌, 培养基, 孢子数

Abstract:

Fusarium wilt is one of the main diseases in cotton production. The cultivation of Fusarium wilt is very important for the identification of resistance to Fusarium wilt. In this study， based on 5 Fusarium wilt races （Quzhou， Jize， Baoding of Hebei Province， and Urumqi， Institute of Plant Protection of CAAS， named as QF， JF， BF， WF， PF， respetively）， 8 culture media and 2 culture temperatures were set up to study the growth rate， the number of spores and the pathogenicity of the spores， so as to select suitable Fusarium wilt and cultivation conditions of pathogens. The results showed that BF produced spores of largest quantity. Jimian 11 as the control inoculated by QF， JF， BF and WF， respectively， were not obviously susceptible after 35 d. PF was the strongest pathogenic. And Jimian 11 inoculated by PF showed Fusarium wilt symptoms after 25 to 30 d. The colony growth rate of Czapek solid medium was 1.29 cm·d^-1， which was significantly higher than other media； the spore production of Fusarium wilt on PSA-200 solid medium was significantly higher than that of PSA-75 and Czapek. The total number of spores on solid PSA-200 was the largest， and the number on solid Czapek was the smallest. The number of spores cultivated on Czapek medium was significantly higher than that on other ones， and the optimal cultivation time was 4 d. The number of spores had no obvious difference between the culture temperature of 25 and 30 ℃. The results provided reference for the selection and cultivation of cotton Fusarium wilt.

Key words: cotton, Fusarium wilt, culture medium, number of spores

中图分类号:

S435.621

刘艳, 鲍红帅, 尚红燕, 王国宁, 张艳, 王省芬, 马峙英, 吴金华. 棉花枯萎病菌及其培养条件筛选[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(8): 124-132.

Yan LIU, Hongshuai BAO, Hongyan SHANG, Guoning WANG, Yan ZHANG, Xingfen WANG, Zhiying MA, Jinhua WU. Selection of Cotton Fusarium Wilt and Culture Conditions[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(8): 124-132.

图/表 12

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级别 Grade	症状 Symptom
0	没有发病，植株健康 No disease， healthy plant
1	1～2片子叶表现病状，子叶变黄，真叶不显病状 1～2 cotyledons show disease symptoms， cotyledons turn yellow， true leaves do not show disease symptoms
2	子叶和1片真叶表现病状Cotyledon and 1 true leaf show disease symptoms
3	2片真叶表现病状 2 true leaves show symptoms
4	全部叶片表现症状，严重时叶片脱落，顶心枯死 All leaves show symptoms， the leaves fall off and the top heart is dead when serious

级别 Grade	症状 Symptom
0	没有发病，植株健康 No disease， healthy plant
1	1～2片子叶表现病状，子叶变黄，真叶不显病状 1～2 cotyledons show disease symptoms， cotyledons turn yellow， true leaves do not show disease symptoms
2	子叶和1片真叶表现病状Cotyledon and 1 true leaf show disease symptoms
3	2片真叶表现病状 2 true leaves show symptoms
4	全部叶片表现症状，严重时叶片脱落，顶心枯死 All leaves show symptoms， the leaves fall off and the top heart is dead when serious

培养基 Medium	孢子数Number of spores/（10⁸ cfu·mL^-1）
培养基 Medium	1 d	2 d	3 d	4 d	5 d	6 d	均值Average
PD-50	0.01 c	0.48 c	1.67 e	3.64 b	3.32 a	3.44 a	2.09 c
PD-75	0.35 b	2.74 a	3.03 c	3.17 bc	2.89 b	2.65 b	2.47 b
PD-100	0.01 c	0.95 c	2.01 e	2.76 cd	2.77 b	1.41 c	1.65 d
PD-150	0.04 c	1.16 c	2.08 e	2.28 de	2.39 b	2.07 b	1.67 d
PD-200	0.01 c	0.65 c	3.59 b	1.61 d	1.59 d	2.20 b	1.61 d
PS-75	0.54 a	2.71 a	2.52 d	2.26 de	2.24 c	2.24 b	2.09 c
PS-200	0.55 a	1.91 b	1.79 e	1.50 d	1.21 e	1.02 c	1.33 e
Czapek	0.08 c	3.05 a	3.96 a	4.43 a	3.59 a	3.93 a	3.17 a

培养基 Medium	孢子数Number of spores/（10⁸ cfu·mL^-1）
培养基 Medium	1 d	2 d	3 d	4 d	5 d	6 d	均值Average
PD-50	0.01 c	0.48 c	1.67 e	3.64 b	3.32 a	3.44 a	2.09 c
PD-75	0.35 b	2.74 a	3.03 c	3.17 bc	2.89 b	2.65 b	2.47 b
PD-100	0.01 c	0.95 c	2.01 e	2.76 cd	2.77 b	1.41 c	1.65 d
PD-150	0.04 c	1.16 c	2.08 e	2.28 de	2.39 b	2.07 b	1.67 d
PD-200	0.01 c	0.65 c	3.59 b	1.61 d	1.59 d	2.20 b	1.61 d
PS-75	0.54 a	2.71 a	2.52 d	2.26 de	2.24 c	2.24 b	2.09 c
PS-200	0.55 a	1.91 b	1.79 e	1.50 d	1.21 e	1.02 c	1.33 e
Czapek	0.08 c	3.05 a	3.96 a	4.43 a	3.59 a	3.93 a	3.17 a

培养基 Medium	菌落直径Colony diameter/cm					生长速率 Growth rate/（cm·d^-1）
培养基 Medium	2 d	3 d	4 d	5 d	6 d	生长速率 Growth rate/（cm·d^-1）
PDA-75	1.67 c	2.56 b	3.38 b	4.23 c	5.10 c	0.86 b
PSA-75	1.71 bc	2.56 b	3.38 b	4.26 c	5.17 c	0.87 b
PSA-200	1.73 b	2.61 b	3.52 b	4.51 b	5.36 b	0.91 b
Czapek	2.21 a	3.58 a	4.94 a	6.30 a	7.36 a	1.29 a