不同土壤改良剂对陕北低洼盐碱地土壤理化性质及水稻产量和经济效益的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0780

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同土壤改良剂对陕北低洼盐碱地的改良效果，采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的方法，比较了3种土壤改良剂（脱硫石膏、“金阜丰”和腐殖酸）对土壤理化性质、水稻产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明，3种土壤改良剂均可有效降低土壤容重、改善土壤物理性质，降低土壤酸碱度。其中，腐殖酸可显著降低表层土壤含盐量；“金阜丰”土壤改良剂和腐殖酸对土壤有机质、全氮含量的影响达到显著水平，对速效钾、有效磷含量影响不显著；脱硫石膏对土壤速效钾含量的影响达到显著水平，对有机质、全氮、有效磷含量影响不显著。此外，施加土壤改良剂可以显著提升水稻千粒重和产量，与对照相比千粒重和产量分别增加10.19%~13.59%和13.54%~27.95%，其中，施加腐殖酸改良剂处理的水稻千粒重和产量最大，分别达到23.4 g和7 380 kg·hm^-2；通过经济效益分析发现，施加改良剂可以显著提升水稻产值和纯利润，其中，施加腐殖酸处理获得了最大的产值、纯利润和产投比，综合考虑稻米质量、水稻产量和经济效益，建议优先选用腐殖酸土壤改良剂改良陕北低洼盐碱地。

关键词: 脱硫石膏, 土壤改良剂, 腐殖酸, 土壤理化性质, 产量

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of different soil amendments on the improvement of low-lying saline alkali land in Northern Shaanxi， the effects of three soil amendments （desulfurization gypsum， “Jinfufeng” and humic acid） on soil physical and chemical properties， rice yield and economic benefits were studied and compared by means of field experiment and indoor analysis. The results showed that the 3 soil amendents could effectively reduce soil bulk density， improve soil physical properties and reduce soil pH. Humic acid could also significantly reduce the salt content of surface soil. In addition， “Jinfufeng” soil amendents and humic acid had significant effects on the content of soil organic matter and total nitrogen， but had no significant effects on the available potassium and available phosphorus. Desulfurized gypsum had a significant effect on the content of soil available potassium， but had no significant effects on the organic matter， total nitrogen and available phosphorus. The application of soil conditioner could significantly improve the 1 000 grain weight and yield of rice， which increased by 10.19%～13.59% and 13.54%～27.95%， respectively， compared with the control. The 1 000 grain weight and yield of humic acid amendments treatment were the highest， reaching 23.4 g and 7 380 kg·hm^-2， respectively. Through the analysis of economic benefits， it was found that the application of modifier could significantly improve the output value and net profit of rice. Among them， the application of humic acid modifier could obtain the maximum output value， net profit and yield investment ratio. Considering the rice quality， rice yield and economic benefits， it was suggested to give priority to humic acid soil to improve the low-lying saline alkali land in Northern Shaanxi.

Key words: desulfurized gypsum, soil amendments, humic acid, physical and chemical properties of soil, yield

中图分类号:

S156.4

庞喆, 王启龙, 李娟. 不同土壤改良剂对陕北低洼盐碱地土壤理化性质及水稻产量和经济效益的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(6): 174-180.

PANG Zhe, WANG Qilong, LI Juan. Effects of Different Soil Amendments on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties， Rice Yield and Economic Benefits in Low-lying Saline Alkali Land in Northern Shaanxi[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(6): 174-180.

图/表 6

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处理 Treatment	土层 Layer
处理 Treatment	0—20 cm	20—40 cm	40—60 cm
对照 CK	1.49±0.04 a	1.53±0.03 a	1.52±0.06 a
脱硫石膏 FGD	1.45±0.11 b	1.46±0.05 b	1.51±0.04 a
“金阜丰”土壤改良剂 SC	1.42±0.05 c	1.43±0.02 c	1.52±0.02 a
腐殖酸 HA	1.41±0.03 c	1.42±0.09 c	1.50±0.05 a

处理 Treatment	土层 Layer
处理 Treatment	0—20 cm	20—40 cm	40—60 cm
对照 CK	1.49±0.04 a	1.53±0.03 a	1.52±0.06 a
脱硫石膏 FGD	1.45±0.11 b	1.46±0.05 b	1.51±0.04 a
“金阜丰”土壤改良剂 SC	1.42±0.05 c	1.43±0.02 c	1.52±0.02 a
腐殖酸 HA	1.41±0.03 c	1.42±0.09 c	1.50±0.05 a

处理 Treatment	土层 Layer/cm	有机质 Organic matter/ （g·kg^-1）	全氮 Total nitrogen/%	有效磷 Available phosphorus/（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available potassium/ （mg·kg^-1）
对照 CK	0—20	8.72±0.96 a	0.72±0.24 a	8.6±1.54 a	121±3.68 a
	20—40	8.34±1.06 b	0.71±0.32 b	8.5±1.74 a	106±4.87 b
	40—60	7.61±0.55 c	0.73±0.33 a	7.6±1.56 b	86±5.74 c
脱硫石膏 FGD	0—20	8.83±0.96 a	0.84±0.27 a	8.5±1.19 a	138±6.77 a
	20—40	8.41±0.84 ab	0.71±0.21 b	8.3±1.62 b	115±4.59 b
	40—60	7.85±1.21 b	0.66±0.26 c	8.1±1.54 c	85±5.78 c
“金阜丰”土壤改良剂 SC	0—20	11.8±0.95 a	0.93±0.32 a	8.4±2.02 a	124±9.61 a
	20—40	9.58±1.07 b	0.82±0.31 ab	6.2±1.26 b	105±6.45 b
	40—60	8.62±1.36 c	0.81±0.24 b	6.8±1.30 b	83±5.64 c
腐殖酸 HA	0—20	11.3±1.08 a	1.13±0.41 a	8.5±1.68 a	113±8.35 a
	20—40	9.37±1.14 b	0.95±0.38 b	8.1±1.69 ab	106±7.67 b
	40—60	8.35±1.01 b	0.84±0.42 c	7.5±1.58 b	92±8.21 c

处理 Treatment	土层 Layer/cm	有机质 Organic matter/ （g·kg^-1）	全氮 Total nitrogen/%	有效磷 Available phosphorus/（mg·kg^-1）	速效钾 Available potassium/ （mg·kg^-1）
对照 CK	0—20	8.72±0.96 a	0.72±0.24 a	8.6±1.54 a	121±3.68 a
	20—40	8.34±1.06 b	0.71±0.32 b	8.5±1.74 a	106±4.87 b
	40—60	7.61±0.55 c	0.73±0.33 a	7.6±1.56 b	86±5.74 c
脱硫石膏 FGD	0—20	8.83±0.96 a	0.84±0.27 a	8.5±1.19 a	138±6.77 a
	20—40	8.41±0.84 ab	0.71±0.21 b	8.3±1.62 b	115±4.59 b
	40—60	7.85±1.21 b	0.66±0.26 c	8.1±1.54 c	85±5.78 c
“金阜丰”土壤改良剂 SC	0—20	11.8±0.95 a	0.93±0.32 a	8.4±2.02 a	124±9.61 a
	20—40	9.58±1.07 b	0.82±0.31 ab	6.2±1.26 b	105±6.45 b
	40—60	8.62±1.36 c	0.81±0.24 b	6.8±1.30 b	83±5.64 c
腐殖酸 HA	0—20	11.3±1.08 a	1.13±0.41 a	8.5±1.68 a	113±8.35 a
	20—40	9.37±1.14 b	0.95±0.38 b	8.1±1.69 ab	106±7.67 b
	40—60	8.35±1.01 b	0.84±0.42 c	7.5±1.58 b	92±8.21 c

处理 Treatment	千粒重 1 000 grain weight/g	产量Yield （kg·hm^-2）	产值/（元·hm^-2）Output value/ （yuan·hm^-2）	投入/（元·hm^-2）Investment/ （yuan·hm^-2）	纯利润/（元·hm^-2） Net profit/ （yuan·hm^-2）	产投比 Production investment ratio
对照 CK	20.6	4 076	14 266.0	—	—	—
脱硫石膏 FGD	22.7	6 450	22 575.0	6 000	2 309.0	1.38
“金阜丰”土壤改良剂 SC	23.1	7 215	25 252.5	5 400	5 586.5	2.03
腐殖酸 HA	23.4	7 380	25 830.0	5 000	6 564.0	2.31