青藏高原不同气候区青稞品质差异

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0545

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青稞是我国青藏高原重要的粮食作物，其品质很大程度上受气候的影响。为探究青藏高原不同地区青稞的品质差异及其与气候的关系，选择64个不同种植区的青稞籽实，测定7个营养品质指标并结合气候区的气候特征进行综合分析，从而明确不同气候区的品质差异，对不同气候区的青稞品质进行综合评价。结果表明，祁连-青海湖气候区的平均温度显著高于昌都气候区；波密-川西气候区、藏南气候区、昌都气候区和祁连-青海湖气候区的降水量均显著高于柴达木气候区；祁连-青海湖气候区、柴达木气候区和藏南气候区的日照时数均显著高于波密-川西气候区。不同种植区青稞营养品质指标存在差异，粗蛋白含量在柴达木气候区最高，藏南气候区最低；β-葡聚糖、膳食纤维含量在柴达木气候区最高，昌都气候区最低；淀粉含量在波密-川西气候区最高，昌都气候区最低。对5个行政气候区进行综合评价，柴达木气候区青稞籽实营养品质最高，波密-川西气候区最低，较高的温度和较长的日照是决定青稞品质的关键因子。研究结果可为气候变化背景下藏区农牧业的发展提供科学参考。

关键词: 青稞品质, 气候区, 因子分析, 营养, 温度

Abstract:

Hulless barley is an important crop on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau， and its quality is largely affected by climate. To explore the quality of hulless barley in different areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its relationship with climate， hulless barley were collected from 67 planting areas to determine 7 nutritional quality indicators and their relationships with climate conditions， and further evaluated the quality of hulless barley in different climate areas. The results showed that the mean temperature in the Qilian-Qinghai Lake climate zone was significantly higher than that in the Qamdo climate zone，the precipitation in the Bomi-West Sichuan climate zone， the South Tibet climate zone， the Qamdu climate zone and the Qilian-Qinghai Lake zone were significantly higher than the Qamdu climate zone， the Qilian-Qinghai Lake climate zone， the Qaidam climate zone and the South Tibet climate zone had significantly higher sunshine duration than that in the Bomi-West Sichuan climate zone. There were differences in the quality indicators of hulless barley among different areas. The crude protein content was the highest in Qaidam climate zone， the lowest value was recorded in South Tibet climate zone. The highest contents of β-glucan and dietary fiber were found in the Qaidam climate zone， and the lowest values were recorded in Qamdo climate zone. The starch content was the highest in Bomi climate zone and West Sichuan district climate zone， and the lowest value was appeared in Qamdo climate zone. The hulless barley quality showed great differences among different climate zones. Overall， the highest quality of hulless barley was distributed in the Qaidam climate zone， and the lowest was distributed in the Bomi-West Sichuan climate zone. Temperature and sunshine duration were the key factors that determined the quality of hulless barley. The results could provide scientific reference for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Tibet under the background of climate change.

Key words: hulless barley quality, climate zone, factor analysis, nutrient, temperature

中图分类号:

S162.5

甘子鹏, 徐海燕, 薛守业, 梁冰妍, 种碧莹, 李莉莎, 张博, 李小明, 刘桂民, 吴晓东. 青藏高原不同气候区青稞品质差异[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(11): 55-67.

Zipeng GAN, Haiyan XU, Shouye XUE, Bingyan LIANG, Biying CHONG, Lisha LI, Bo ZHANG, Xiaoming LI, Guimin LIU, Xiaodong WU. Quality of Hulless Barley in Different Climatic Regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(11): 55-67.

图/表 12

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指标 Index	波密-川西 Bomi-West Sichuan		藏南区 South Tibet		柴达木区 Qaidam area		昌都区 Changdu area		祁连-青海湖区 Qilian-Qinghai Lake area
指标 Index	平均值Mean	变异系数Variable coefficient/%	平均值Mean	变异系数Variable coefficient/%	平均值Mean	变异系数Variable coefficient/%	平均值Mean	变异系数Variable coefficient/%	平均值Mean	变异系数Variable coefficient/%
粗蛋白 Crude protein/%	9.40	16.52	8.73	16.36	10.77	4.91	9.78	18.30	10.13	20.81
植酸 Phytic acid/（g·kg^-1）	8.91	12.24	8.03	17.96	8.44	13.97	8.12	12.49	8.44	21.75
淀粉 Starch/%	64.43	7.50	61.38	3.22	62.15	1.76	60.38	3.08	63.47	7.89
β-葡聚糖 β-glucan/%	4.84	10.16	5.28	7.50	5.77	2.86	4.56	14.01	4.92	10.07
膳食纤维 Dietary fiber/%	15.97	8.65	16.86	8.76	17.20	11.05	15.48	7.76	16.80	8.67
脂肪 Fat/%	2.09	6.82	2.19	11.75	2.16	15.93	2.18	8.28	2.05	9.73
全碳 Total carbon/%	43.18	3.68	42.94	5.71	43.98	4.85	42.90	3.85	43.30	4.16

指标 Index	波密-川西 Bomi-West Sichuan		藏南区 South Tibet		柴达木区 Qaidam area		昌都区 Changdu area		祁连-青海湖区 Qilian-Qinghai Lake area
指标 Index	平均值Mean	变异系数Variable coefficient/%	平均值Mean	变异系数Variable coefficient/%	平均值Mean	变异系数Variable coefficient/%	平均值Mean	变异系数Variable coefficient/%	平均值Mean	变异系数Variable coefficient/%
粗蛋白 Crude protein/%	9.40	16.52	8.73	16.36	10.77	4.91	9.78	18.30	10.13	20.81
植酸 Phytic acid/（g·kg^-1）	8.91	12.24	8.03	17.96	8.44	13.97	8.12	12.49	8.44	21.75
淀粉 Starch/%	64.43	7.50	61.38	3.22	62.15	1.76	60.38	3.08	63.47	7.89
β-葡聚糖 β-glucan/%	4.84	10.16	5.28	7.50	5.77	2.86	4.56	14.01	4.92	10.07
膳食纤维 Dietary fiber/%	15.97	8.65	16.86	8.76	17.20	11.05	15.48	7.76	16.80	8.67
脂肪 Fat/%	2.09	6.82	2.19	11.75	2.16	15.93	2.18	8.28	2.05	9.73
全碳 Total carbon/%	43.18	3.68	42.94	5.71	43.98	4.85	42.90	3.85	43.30	4.16

品质指标 Quality index	第1主成分 Principal component 1	第2主成分 Principal component 2	第3主成分 Principal component 3	第4主成分 Principal component 4	公因子方差Common factor variance
粗蛋白 Crude protein	-0.05	0.85	0.24	-0.01	0.78
植酸 Phytic acid	-0.08	0.05	0.91	0.03	0.83
淀粉 Starch	-0.15	-0.75	0.23	-0.22	0.68
β-葡聚糖 β-glucan	0.78	0.25	-0.14	0.00	0.69
膳食纤维 Dietary fiber	0.74	-0.08	-0.10	0.34	0.68
脂肪 Fat	0.08	0.15	0.02	0.94	0.90
全碳 Total carbon	0.61	-0.11	0.43	-0.21	0.61
特征值 Eigenvalue	1.57	1.38	1.15	1.08	—
贡献率 Contribution rate/%	22	20	16	15	—
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	22	42	58	73	—

品质指标 Quality index	第1主成分 Principal component 1	第2主成分 Principal component 2	第3主成分 Principal component 3	第4主成分 Principal component 4	公因子方差Common factor variance
粗蛋白 Crude protein	-0.05	0.85	0.24	-0.01	0.78
植酸 Phytic acid	-0.08	0.05	0.91	0.03	0.83
淀粉 Starch	-0.15	-0.75	0.23	-0.22	0.68
β-葡聚糖 β-glucan	0.78	0.25	-0.14	0.00	0.69
膳食纤维 Dietary fiber	0.74	-0.08	-0.10	0.34	0.68
脂肪 Fat	0.08	0.15	0.02	0.94	0.90
全碳 Total carbon	0.61	-0.11	0.43	-0.21	0.61
特征值 Eigenvalue	1.57	1.38	1.15	1.08	—
贡献率 Contribution rate/%	22	20	16	15	—
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	22	42	58	73	—

气候区 Climatic region	Z值 Z value	排名 Ranking
柴达木区 Qaidam region	3.23	1
藏南区 South Tibet region	3.03	2
昌都区 Changdu region	2.92	3
祁连-青海湖区 Qilian-Qinghai Lake area	2.90	4
波密-川西区 Bomi-West Sichuan region	2.78	5