鱼菜共生系统下种养密度和投喂频率对鲫鱼生长及品质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0242

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为评估不同种养密度和投喂频率对鱼菜共生系统中鲫鱼生长及品质的影响，建立温室基质栽培式鱼菜共生系统（鲫鱼+生菜），设置种植密度分别为28（A1）、42（A2）、56（A3）株·m^-2；养殖密度分别为8（B1）、10（B2）、12（B3）kg·m^-3；饲料投喂频率分别为1（C1）、2（C2）、3（C3）次·d^-1，以明确鱼菜共生系统下种养密度和投喂频率的最优组合方案。结果表明，试验期间，各处理水质稳定，鲫鱼各项生长指标均有不同增长。养殖密度对鲫鱼增重率、特定增长率及饲料系数有显著影响，以A2B1C2处理最优；投喂频率和种植密度对鲫鱼增重量、蛋白质效率有显著影响，其中，A1B3C3处理最高，增重量和蛋白质效率分别为303.56 g、3.87；以2 次·d^-1的频率投喂时鲫鱼水分含量最高；不同处理对鲫鱼肥满度、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪等肌肉成分无显著影响。综上所述，鱼菜共生系统中生菜种植密度为42 株·m^-2、鲫鱼养殖密度和投喂频率分别为8 kg·m^-3、2 次·d^-1时，鲫鱼生长及品质均较好。

关键词: 鱼菜共生系统, 种植密度, 养殖密度, 投喂频率, 生长, 品质

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the effects of planting densities and feeding frequencies on the growth and quality of crucian carp in the aquaponics system， an experimental aquaponics system （crucian carp+lettuce） based on substrate cultivation was set up in the greenhouse. The planting densities of lettuce were 28 （A1）， 42 （A2） and 56 （A3） plants·m^-2， the breeding densities of crucian carp were 8 （B1）， 10 （B2） and 12（B3）kg·m^-3 with the feeding frequency of 1 （C1）， 2 （C2）， 3（C3）meal·d^-1. The growth and quality of crucian carp were determined for clarifying the optimal combination of planting density and feeding frequency under the aquaponics system. The results showed that the quality of water in each treatment was stable during the test period， and the growth indexes of crucian carp increased. The feeding density had significant effects on the weight gain rate， specific growth rate and feed coefficient of crucian carp， and A2B1C2 treatment was the best. The planting density and feeding frequency had significant effect on weight gain and protein efficiency， and A1B3C3 treatment was the highest with weight gain 303.56 g and protein efficiency 3.87， respectively. The water content of crucian carp was the highest when feeding frequency was 2 meal·d^-1. There were no significant effects on fatness， crude protein， crude fat and other muscle components of crucian carp. In conclusion， the growth performance and quality of the crucian carp were optimal with planting density 42 plants·m^-2， breeding density 8 kg·m^-3 and feeding frequency 2 meal·d^-1.

Key words: aquaponics system, planting density, breeding density, feeding frequency, growth, quality

中图分类号:

S965

刘星, 王继涛, 虎治军, 刘艳, 穆晓国, 张海军, 张达林, 安磊, 叶林. 鱼菜共生系统下种养密度和投喂频率对鲫鱼生长及品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(1): 192-201.

Xing LIU, Jitao WANG, Zhijun HU, Yan LIU, Xiaoguo MU, Haijun ZHANG, Dalin ZHANG, Lei AN, Lin YE. Effects of Planting Density and Feeding Frequency on Growth and Quality of Crucian Carp under Aquaponics System[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(1): 192-201.

图/表 12

参考文献 29

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元素 Element	含量Content/%	元素 Element	含量Content/%
粗蛋白 Crude protein	≥36.0	总磷 Total phosphorus	≥1.0
粗纤维Crude fiber	≥8.5	钙Calcium	≥0.5
粗脂肪Crude fat	≥5.0	赖氨酸Lysine	≥1.6
粗灰分Crude ash	≥15.0	氯化钠 Sodium chloride	0.3~1.5

元素 Element	含量Content/%	元素 Element	含量Content/%
粗蛋白 Crude protein	≥36.0	总磷 Total phosphorus	≥1.0
粗纤维Crude fiber	≥8.5	钙Calcium	≥0.5
粗脂肪Crude fat	≥5.0	赖氨酸Lysine	≥1.6
粗灰分Crude ash	≥15.0	氯化钠 Sodium chloride	0.3~1.5

处理 Treatment	溶解氧含量 DO content/（mg·L^-1）	pH	电导率 EC/（mS·cm^-1）	温度 Temperature/℃
T1	9.31±0.30	7.92±0.17	0.33±0.01	22.70±0.66
T2	9.31±0.28	7.88±0.16	0.39±0.02	22.47±0.73
T3	9.12±0.30	7.85±0.17	0.40±0.02	22.90±0.60
T4	9.15±0.30	8.01±0.17	0.33±0.01	22.50±0.72
T5	9.23±0.30	7.89±0.18	0.40±0.02	24.30±0.61
T6	9.10±0.31	7.71±0.17	0.40±0.02	24.50±0.72
T7	9.25±0.32	7.85±0.18	0.31±0.02	23.00±0.83
T8	9.15±0.32	7.89±0.18	0.35±0.01	25.33±0.76
T9	9.13±0.35	7.91±0.19	0.37±0.01	23.47±0.79

处理 Treatment	溶解氧含量 DO content/（mg·L^-1）	pH	电导率 EC/（mS·cm^-1）	温度 Temperature/℃
T1	9.31±0.30	7.92±0.17	0.33±0.01	22.70±0.66
T2	9.31±0.28	7.88±0.16	0.39±0.02	22.47±0.73
T3	9.12±0.30	7.85±0.17	0.40±0.02	22.90±0.60
T4	9.15±0.30	8.01±0.17	0.33±0.01	22.50±0.72
T5	9.23±0.30	7.89±0.18	0.40±0.02	24.30±0.61
T6	9.10±0.31	7.71±0.17	0.40±0.02	24.50±0.72
T7	9.25±0.32	7.85±0.18	0.31±0.02	23.00±0.83
T8	9.15±0.32	7.89±0.18	0.35±0.01	25.33±0.76
T9	9.13±0.35	7.91±0.19	0.37±0.01	23.47±0.79

指标 Index		因素Factor			排序 Ranking
指标 Index		A	B	C	排序 Ranking
增重量GW/g	K₁	266.017	240.470	196.033	C>A>B
	K₂	227.167	224.293	240.540
	K₃	202.420	230.840	259.030
	极差R	63.597	16.177	62.997
	P值P value	0.025	0.813	0.022
	最佳水平Best level	A1	B1	C3
增重率WGR/%	K₁	52.904	57.536	39.812	B>A>C
	K₂	46.633	44.278	49.424
	K₃	40.669	38.392	50.969
	极差R	12.235	19.144	11.157
	P值P value	0.150	0.004	0.158
	最佳水平Best level	A1	B1	C3
特定生长率SGR/（%·d^-1）	K₁	1.211	1.292	0.948	B>A>C
	K₂	1.077	1.040	1.133
	K₃	0.965	0.921	1.172
	极差R	0.246	0.371	0.224
	P值P value	0.128	0.004	0.143
	最佳水平Best level	A1	B1	C3