刈割处理对再生稻头季全株生物量、青贮品质和再生季产量的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0117

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究再生稻齐穗后刈割时间和留桩高度对再生稻头季生物量、青贮品质和再生季产量的影响，在湖南省益阳市大通湖区选取湘两优900和甬优4149为供试材料，设置刈割时间分别为齐穗后10（P10）、15（P15）、20（P20）、25（P25）和30 d（P30）；留桩高度分别为10（H10）、20（H20）和30 cm（H30），研究不同处理下再生稻头季生物量、青贮品质和再生季产量的变化。结果表明，再生稻头季全株生物量随刈割时间的推迟呈现出逐渐增加的趋势，P25和P30处理的全株生物量显著高于P10和P20处理，V-score评分均在80分以上，且感官品质优良，发酵品质良好，相对饲用价值较高；留桩高度H10和H20处理头季的全株生物量显著高于H30处理，V-score评分均在80分以上，且感官品质优良，发酵品质良好，相对饲用价值较高；再生季产量随刈割时间的推迟呈现下降趋势，P10和P15 处理再生季的产量显著高于P20和P30处理；留桩高度H20和H30处理再生季的产量显著高于留桩高度H10处理。综上所述，以收获全株青贮饲料为主要目的时，头季宜采取齐穗后25~30 d、10~20 cm留桩高度的刈割处理，此时，生物量高，感官品质、发酵品质和营养品质较好；以收获再生季稻谷为主要目的时，头季宜采用齐穗后10~15 d、留桩20~30 cm的刈割处理，再生季产量较高。

关键词: 再生稻, 刈割, 生物量, 青贮品质, 产量

Abstract:

To evaluate the effects of mowing time and stubble height on biomass， silage quality of main season rice and yield of regeneration season， Xiangliangyou 900 and Yongyou 4149 were used as cultivars， and a field experiment was conducted at Datonghu District， Yiyang City， Hunan Province. The mowing times were set including 10 （P10）， 15 （P15）， 20 （P20）， 25 （P25） and 30 d （P30） after full ear， while the stubble heights were set including 10 （H10）、20 （H20） and 30 cm （H30）. The biomass， silage quality of main season rice and yield of regeneration season in different treatments were determined. The results suggested that delaying harvesting time by 10~15 d significantly improved the dry matter production and the quality， V-score， fermentation quality of silage in main season rice. Compared different treatments， P10H20 treatment showed the highest dry matter production， appearance， fermentation and nutrient quality. The yield of regeneration season showed a downward trend with the delay of cutting time， and the yield of the regeneration season in P10H15 treatment was significantly higher than those in P20 and P30 treatments， and the yields of the regeneration season in H20 and H30 treatments were significantly higher than those in H10 treatments. Therefore， for the purpose of harvest whole plant silage， the main season should adopt the mowing time at 25~30 d after full ears with stubble height 10~20 cm， which had high biomass， better sensory quality， fermentation quality and nutritional quality； for the purpose of harvesting rice in the regeneration season， the first season should be mowed at 10~15 d after full ears with stubble height 20~30 cm， which had high yield.

Key words: ratooning rice, mowing, biomass, silage quality, yield

中图分类号:

S511.4+2

陈元伟, 郑华斌, 王慰亲, 旷娜, 罗友谊, 邹丹, 唐启源. 刈割处理对再生稻头季全株生物量、青贮品质和再生季产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(8): 161-171.

Yuanwei CHEN, Huabin ZHENG, Weiqin WANG, Na KUANG, Youyi LUO, Dan ZOU, Qiyuan TANG. Effect of Mowing Treatment on the Main Season Whole Plant Biomass and Silage Quality and Yield in Regeneration Season of Ratooning Rice[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(8): 161-171.

图/表 9

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品种 Variety	刈割处理 Mowing treatment	留桩处理 Stubble treatment	鲜重 Fresh weight/（t·hm^‒2）	干重 Dry weight/（t·hm^‒2）
湘两优900	P10	H10	33.3±1.1 d	9.6±0.5 g
XLY 900		H20	29.3±0.7 ef	8.8±0.2 g
		H30	25.0±1.4 g	7.6±0.4 h
	P15	H10	37.5±0.8 c	11.5±1.1 de
		H20	34.3±2.5 d	11.1±0.3 ef
		H30	25.1±0.4 g	9.0±0.1 g
	P20	H10	42.1±1.3 b	12.5±0.4 cd
		H20	35.7±0.8 cd	12.3±0.9 cde
		H30	27.4±0.9 fg	10.0±0.1 fg
	P25	H10	47.5±2.5 a	15.6±0.8 a
		H20	40.1±0.5 b	14.6±0.3 ab
		H30	30.6±0.9 e	11.6±0.5 de
	P30	H10	46.5±0.9 a	15.4±0.2 a
		H20	40.1±1.0 b	13.5±0.4 bc
		H30	27.8±0.4 f	11.8±0.9 de
	P		**	**
	H		**	**
	P×H		**	*

品种 Variety	刈割处理 Mowing treatment	留桩处理 Stubble treatment	鲜重 Fresh weight/（t·hm^‒2）	干重 Dry weight/（t·hm^‒2）
湘两优900	P10	H10	33.3±1.1 d	9.6±0.5 g
XLY 900		H20	29.3±0.7 ef	8.8±0.2 g
		H30	25.0±1.4 g	7.6±0.4 h
	P15	H10	37.5±0.8 c	11.5±1.1 de
		H20	34.3±2.5 d	11.1±0.3 ef
		H30	25.1±0.4 g	9.0±0.1 g
	P20	H10	42.1±1.3 b	12.5±0.4 cd
		H20	35.7±0.8 cd	12.3±0.9 cde
		H30	27.4±0.9 fg	10.0±0.1 fg
	P25	H10	47.5±2.5 a	15.6±0.8 a
		H20	40.1±0.5 b	14.6±0.3 ab
		H30	30.6±0.9 e	11.6±0.5 de
	P30	H10	46.5±0.9 a	15.4±0.2 a
		H20	40.1±1.0 b	13.5±0.4 bc
		H30	27.8±0.4 f	11.8±0.9 de
	P		**	**
	H		**	**
	P×H		**	*

品种 Variety	刈割处理 Mowing treatment	留桩处理 Stubble treatment	鲜重 Fresh weight/（t·hm^‒2）	干重 Dry weight/（t·hm^‒2）
甬优4149	P10	H10	30.6±1.2 de	9.7±0.4 fg
YY 4149		H20	25.3±1.6 ij	8.3±0.5 h
		H30	20.8±0.4 k	6.9±0.1 i
	P15	H10	35.6±0.5 ab	11.0±0.3 d
		H20	26.9±0.6 ghi	9.7±0.2 fg
		H30	24.1±0.3 j	9.3±0.1 g
	P20	H10	35.4±0.4 ab	12.1±0.4 c
		H20	29.6±0.7 ef	10.9±0.5 de
		H30	27.4±0.5 gh	10.7±0.4 de
	P25	H10	36.0±1.0 a	13.1±0.3 ab
		H20	32.4±1.3 cd	12.1±0.3 c
		H30	25.6±0.8 hij	10.2±0.3 ef
	P30	H10	33.8±0.4 bc	13.5±0.1 a
		H20	31.3±1.0 de	13.3±0.4 a
		H30	28.5±0.3 fg	12.4±0.1 bc
	P		**	**
	H		**	**
	P×H		**	*

品种 Variety	刈割处理 Mowing treatment	留桩处理 Stubble treatment	鲜重 Fresh weight/（t·hm^‒2）	干重 Dry weight/（t·hm^‒2）
甬优4149	P10	H10	30.6±1.2 de	9.7±0.4 fg
YY 4149		H20	25.3±1.6 ij	8.3±0.5 h
		H30	20.8±0.4 k	6.9±0.1 i
	P15	H10	35.6±0.5 ab	11.0±0.3 d
		H20	26.9±0.6 ghi	9.7±0.2 fg
		H30	24.1±0.3 j	9.3±0.1 g
	P20	H10	35.4±0.4 ab	12.1±0.4 c
		H20	29.6±0.7 ef	10.9±0.5 de
		H30	27.4±0.5 gh	10.7±0.4 de
	P25	H10	36.0±1.0 a	13.1±0.3 ab
		H20	32.4±1.3 cd	12.1±0.3 c
		H30	25.6±0.8 hij	10.2±0.3 ef
	P30	H10	33.8±0.4 bc	13.5±0.1 a
		H20	31.3±1.0 de	13.3±0.4 a
		H30	28.5±0.3 fg	12.4±0.1 bc
	P		**	**
	H		**	**
	P×H		**	*

品种Variety	刈割处理 Mowing treatment	留桩处理 Stubble treatment	嗅觉 Olfactory	结构 Texture	色泽 Color	总分 Total score	等级 Grade
湘两优900		H20	11.3±0.5 bc	4.0±0.0 a	2.0±0.0 a	17.3±0.5 b	优良Excellent
XLY 900		H30	11.7±0.5 ab	4.0±0.0 a	2.0±0.0 a	17.7±0.5 ab	优良Excellent
	P25	H10	11.7±0.5 ab	4.0±0.0 a	2.0±0.0 a	17.7±0.0 ab	优良Excellent
		H20	11.7±0.5 ab	4.0±0.0 a	1.7±0.5 a	17.3±0.5 b	优良Excellent
		H30	11±0.9 bcd	4.0±0.0 a	2.0±0.5 a	17.0±1.2 b	优良Excellent
	P30	H10	11.7±0.5 b	4.0±0.0 a	2.0±0.0 a	17.7±0.5 b	优良Excellent
		H20	12.0±0.0 ab	4.0±0.0 a	2.0±0.5 a	18.0±0.0 ab	优良Excellent
		H30	12.7±0.0 a	4.0±0.0 a	2.0±0.0 a	18.7±0.0 a	优良Excellent
	P		**	ns	**	**
	H		ns	ns	*	*
	P×H		ns	ns	*	**
甬优4149	P10	H10	10.0±0.0 e	4.0±0.0 a	1.0±0.0 c	15.0±0.0 e	尚满意Good
YY 4149		H20	10.7±0.5 de	4.0±0.0 a	1.0±0.0 c	15.7±0.5 e	尚满意Good
		H30	10.7±0.5 de	4.0±0.0 a	1.0±0.0 c	15.7±0.5 e	尚满意Good
	P15	H10	11.7±0.5 cd	4.0±0.0 a	1.0±0.0 c	16.7±0.5 c	优良Excellent
		H20	12.0±0.8 bc	4.0±0.0 a	1.0±0.0 c	17.0±0.8 bc	优良Excellent
		H30	12.3±0.5 abc	4.0±0.0 a	1.0±0.0 c	17.3±0.5 bc	优良Excellent
	P20	H10	13.0±0.0 ab	4.0±0.0 a	2.0±0.0 a	19.0±0.0 a	优良Excellent
		H20	11.7±0.5 cd	4.0±0.0 a	1.7±0.5 ab	17.3±0.5 bc	优良Excellent
		H30	12.3±0.5 abc	4.0±0.0 a	1.3±0.5 bc	17.7±0.5 b	优良Excellent
	P25	H10	11.7±0.5 cd	4.0±0.0 a	1.3±0.5 bc	17.0±0.0 bc	优良Excellent
		H20	12.0±0.0 bc	4.0±0.0 a	1.0±0.0 c	17.0±0.0 bc	优良Excellent
		H30	13.3±0.5 a	4.0±0.0 a	1.3±0.5bc	18.7±0.5 a	优良Excellent
	P30	H10	11.7±0.9 cd	4.0±0.0 a	2.0±0.0 a	17.7±0.9 b	优良Excellent
		H20	13.0±0.0 ab	4.0±0.0 a	2.0±0.0 a	19.0±0.0 a	优良Excellent
		H30	13.3±0.5 a	4.0±0.0 a	1.3±0.5bc	18.7±0.5 a	优良Excellent
	P		**	ns	**	**
	H		**	ns	ns	**
	P×H		ns	ns	ns	ns