关键词: 粮食单产, 播种面积, 种植结构, 粮食安全, 贡献率, 政策保障

Abstract: In 2014, Chinas grain production achieved a historical record of successive eleventh Increasing, and grain outputs were stabilized at over 500×104 t continuousely for 8 years. The expansion of grain planting acreage, increase of yield per unit of area and adjustment in cultivation structure were important factors promoting the sustained growth in food production. This paper broke down the contribution factors of grain production increase to acreage expansion, yield improvement and planting structure adjustment, and then measured the contribution ratio of the above 3 factors. The results showed that the contribution ratio of acreage, yield and planting structure adjustment to food production were 36.65%, 48.27% and 15.08%, respectively, for successive 11 years increase in grain production. Based on observation on varieties, yield increse of rice, corn and cereal were mainly driven by the expansion of cultivated area, only wheat yield increase was due to yield improvement per unit area. The contribution of planting structure adjustment for 11 years successive increase could not be ignored. In view of the increasingly tight resource constraints and supply-side structure reform of agricultural policy in the new era, the key issue for ensuring national food security and achieving sustainable yield increase were to  increase grain yield per unit area by science and technology innovation, improve infrastructure in agriculture and cultivate new type of business entities.