Design and Testing of Key Components of Oil Salsa Bean Harvesting Equipment

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0450

Abstract

Abstract:

Oil salsa bean tubers grow underground， small particles， beans and soil separation difficulties， the northeast region is mostly black clay soil， in the initial sieving is easy to lead to soil deposition in the sieve holes to produce a clogging phenomenon， affecting the threshing efficiency of the oil salsa bean harvester and the threshing quality. Aiming at the problems of easy clogging and low threshing rate of the equipment during the harvesting of oil soybean in the northeast region， a composite sieving oil soybean harvester was developed. The key components of the device， conveyor chain device and drum threshing device， were optimised. The Box-Behnken method was used to optimise the conveyor chain device to investigate the effects of different factors on the removal rate and the leakage rate. The results showed that the optimal working parameters of the mesh chain were vibration height 20 mm， the linear speed of mesh chain 0.9 m·s^-1， and the angle of mesh chain 46°. Under these conditions， the removal rate and leakage rate of the primary sieve were 66.83% and 0.55%， respectively. The tooth shape of the drum threshing device indicated that when the tooth shape was a mixture of bowed and pegged teeth，the effect was good， and the removal rate and the breakage rate were 99.33% and 1.10%， respectively. The modal analysis was carried out using Ansys software showed that the device was safe. Above results provided reference for the design of oil salsa bean harvester and promoted the development of oil salsa bean cultivation towards industrialisation.

Key words: oil salsa bean harvester, conveyor chain, drum threshing, soil falling rate, threshing rate

摘要：

油莎豆块茎生长在地下，颗粒较小，豆与土分离困难，东北地区多为黑黏土质，在初筛时易导致土沉积在筛孔上产生堵塞现象，影响油莎豆收获机的脱粒效率和脱粒质量。针对东北地区油莎豆收获时设备易堵塞及脱净率低的问题，研制了一款复合筛分式油莎豆收获机。对装置的关键部件输送链条装置和滚筒脱粒装置进行优化设计。采用Box-Behnken方法对输送链条装置进行优化，探究不同因素对脱净率及漏豆率的影响。结果表明，网链最优工作参数组合为起振高度20 mm、网链线速度0.9 m·s^-1、网链角度46°；在此条件下，脱净率和漏豆率分别为66.83%和0.55%。对滚筒脱粒装置的齿形进行试验表明，当齿形为弓齿钉齿混合时效果良好，脱净率和破损率分别为99.33%和1.10%，并使用Ansys软件进行了模态分析，表明该装置的安全性良好。研究结果为油莎豆收获机设计提供参考，可促进油莎豆种植向着产业化发展。

关键词: 油莎豆收获机, 输送链条, 滚筒脱粒, 落土率, 脱净率

CLC Number:

S225.73

Wenhui GUO, Feng LIU, Wenliang LIU, Runjian DONG, Hansi ZHANG, Jian LI, Changyou WEI. Design and Testing of Key Components of Oil Salsa Bean Harvesting Equipment[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(11): 141-150.

国文慧, 刘枫, 刘文亮, 董润坚, 张含思, 李健, 魏常友. 油莎豆收获设备关键部件的设计与试验[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(11): 141-150.

Figures/Tables 16

References 14

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参数Parametric	数值Value	参数Parametric	数值Value
滚筒形式Roller form	开式Open-ended	齿排数 Number of rows of teeth	11
滚筒直径 Roller diameter/mm	420	齿数 Number of teeth	66
滚筒长度 Roller length/mm	1 300	齿高 Tooth height/mm	70
喂入量 Feeding volume/（kg·s^-1）	8	齿距 Pitch/mm	110
运转速度 Running speed/（r·min^-1）	295~386	螺旋头数 Number of spiral heads	2

参数Parametric	数值Value	参数Parametric	数值Value
滚筒形式Roller form	开式Open-ended	齿排数 Number of rows of teeth	11
滚筒直径 Roller diameter/mm	420	齿数 Number of teeth	66
滚筒长度 Roller length/mm	1 300	齿高 Tooth height/mm	70
喂入量 Feeding volume/（kg·s^-1）	8	齿距 Pitch/mm	110
运转速度 Running speed/（r·min^-1）	295~386	螺旋头数 Number of spiral heads	2

来源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degrees of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
模型Model	658.85	9	73.21	20.24	0.000 3^**
A：网链线速度 Linear speed of mesh chain	73.09	1	73.09	20.21	0.002 8^**
B：网链角度 Angle of mesh chain	13.73	1	13.73	3.80	0.092 4
C：起振高度 Vibration height	168.38	1	168.38	46.55	0.000 2^**
AB	14.06	1	14.06	3.89	0.176 7
AC	66.42	1	66.42	18.36	0.003 6^**
BC	0.25	1	0.25	0.07	0.801 6
A²	10.75	1	10.75	2.97	0.128 4
B²	64.34	1	64.34	14.79	0.003 9^**
C²	36.35	1	36.35	10.05	0.015 7^*
残差Residual	25.32	7	3.62
失拟项Residual	23.68	5	4.74	5.78	0.154 2
误差Error	1.64	2	0.20
总和Total	684.17	16

来源 Source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degrees of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
模型Model	658.85	9	73.21	20.24	0.000 3^**
A：网链线速度 Linear speed of mesh chain	73.09	1	73.09	20.21	0.002 8^**
B：网链角度 Angle of mesh chain	13.73	1	13.73	3.80	0.092 4
C：起振高度 Vibration height	168.38	1	168.38	46.55	0.000 2^**
AB	14.06	1	14.06	3.89	0.176 7
AC	66.42	1	66.42	18.36	0.003 6^**
BC	0.25	1	0.25	0.07	0.801 6
A²	10.75	1	10.75	2.97	0.128 4
B²	64.34	1	64.34	14.79	0.003 9^**
C²	36.35	1	36.35	10.05	0.015 7^*
残差Residual	25.32	7	3.62
失拟项Residual	23.68	5	4.74	5.78	0.154 2
误差Error	1.64	2	0.20
总和Total	684.17	16

来源 Source	平方和 Sumof square	自由度 Degrees of freedom	均方 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
模型Model	0.033	9	3.653×10^-3	16.82	0.000 6^**
A：网链线速度 Linear speed of mesh chain	7.940×10^-5	1	7.940×10^-5	1.00	0.564 4
B：网链角度 Angle of mesh chain	4.958×10^-6	1	4.958×10^-6	0.02	0.884 2
C：起振高度 Vibration height	1.796×10^-3	1	1.796×10^-3	8.27	0.023 8
AB	2.280×10^-3	1	2.280×10^-3	10.50	0.014 2
AC	6.602×10^-3	1	6.602×10^-3	30.40	0.000 9^**
BC	3.102×10^-3	1	3.102×10^-3	14.25	0.006 9^**
A²	3.015×10^-3	1	3.015×10^-3	13.89	0.007 4^**
B²	2.615×10^-5	1	2.615×10^-5	0.15	0.738 8
C²	9.977×10^-4	1	9.977×10^-4	4.50	0.071 6
残差Residual	1.520×10^-3	7	2.171×10^-4
失拟项Lack of fit	1.487×10^-3	5	2.974×10^-4	17.96	0.305 3
误差Error	3.312×10^-3	2	1.656×10^-5
总和Total	0.034	16