Design and Experiment of 4UMS-1000 Cassava Harvester

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0398

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to solve the problems of low open cassava rate and high cassava injury rate in the working process of the existing cassava harvester， a 4UMS-1000 cassava harvester was developed， and the structural design and analysis of key components such as long and short excavator shovel， cassava soil separation device and collection device were carried out， and its field operation performance was studied. The Box-Benhnken experiment method was used to carry out a three-factor three-level orthogonal experiment， and the quadratic multiple regression model and response surface were established， and the influence of the experiment factors on the evaluation index was further analyzed. The results showed that the optimum working parameters were the excavation shovel angle 28°， the tool forward speed 0.56 m·s^-1 and the excavation shovel depth 187 mm；under this condition the cassava digging rate was 97%， and the cassava injury rate was 3.3%. 5 replicate experiments were carried out on the optimal working parameters， and the results showed that the relative error between the open cassava rate and the injured cassava rate and the theoretical value was within 2%， which met the requirements of cassava harvesting operation. Above results provided reference for the subsequent development of cassava harvesting machinery.

Key words: single row, cassava harvester, structural design, field trials

摘要：

为解决现有木薯收获机在工作过程中出现明薯率低、伤薯率高的问题，研制了一种4UMS-1000型木薯收获机，对长短齿挖掘铲、薯土分离装置和收集装置等关键部件进行了结构设计与分析，并对其田间作业性能开展研究。以明薯率、伤薯率作为评价指标，以机具前进速度、挖掘铲入土深度、挖掘铲入土角为试验因素，运用Box-Benhnken试验方法开展3因素3水平正交试验，建立二次多元回归模型和响应曲面，进一步分析试验因素对评价指标的影响。结果表明，挖掘铲入土角28°、机具前进速度0.56 m·s^-1、挖掘铲入土深度187 mm为最优工作参数组合，在此条件下明薯率为97%，伤薯率为3.3%。对最优工作参数进行5次重复试验验证，结果表明，明薯率和伤薯率与理论值的相对误差均在2%以内，满足木薯收获作业要求。研究结果为木薯收获机械领域的发展提供参考。

关键词: 单行, 木薯收获机, 结构设计, 田间试验

CLC Number:

S224.29

Long HUANG, Yulan LIAO, Lin HUANG, Xiang PAN, Zhenpeng WU, Wenxiang ZHANG. Design and Experiment of 4UMS-1000 Cassava Harvester[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(11): 131-140.

黄龙, 廖宇兰, 黄林, 潘翔, 吴振鹏, 张文翔. 4UMS-1000型木薯收获机的设计与试验[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(11): 131-140.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 4UMS-1000 cassava harvester machine structureNote： 1—Digging shovel with long and short feet； 2—Cassava tuber separation device； 3—Frame； 4—Reduction gear； 5—Three-stage vibrator； 6—Collection box； 7—Transmission system； 8—Supporting wheel；9—Walking wheel； 10—Depth limiting wheel.

Table 1 Main technical parameters of banana straw crushing and returning machine

技术参数

Technical parameter

取值

Value

外形尺寸（长×宽×高）

Overall size （longth×width×height）/mm

2 600×1 100×1 200

总质量

Total mass/kg

470

配套动力

Auxiliary power/kW

36.8

挖掘铲铲齿数目

Number of digging shovel teeth

作业垄数

Number of ridges on a field

机具前进速度

Harvester forward speed/（m·s^-1）

0.4~1.0

挖掘铲入土深度

Digging deep/mm

150~200

薯土分离筛线速度

Speed of movement of cassava and soil separator screen/（m·s^-1）

0.6

工作幅宽

Working width/mm

1 000

收集箱容积

Collection box volume/m³

0.8

Fig. 2 Long and short foot excavation shovelsNote： 1—Long spade tooth； 2—Short spade teeth； 3—Shovel teeth beam； 4—Curved connecting side plate； 5—Mounting plate； 6—Guide bar.

Fig. 3 Force analysis of digging shovel teeth and cassva soil mixture

Fig. 4 Motion analysis of digging shovel teeth and cassava soil mixture

Fig. 5 Cassava soil separation unitA： Partial assembly diagram of cassava soil separator； B： Trapezoidal sieve bars； C： Ordinary sieve bars。1—Follower plum wheel； 2—Conveyor belt； 3—Ordinary screen bars； 4—Trapezoidal screen bars； 5—Vibrator； 6—Active plum wheel

Fig. 6 Collection device

Table 2 Experimental factors and levels

水平 Level	因素Factor
水平 Level	$x 1$ ：机具前进速度 Harvester forward speed/（m·s^-1）	$x 2$ ：挖掘铲入土角 Shovel entry angle/（°）	$x 3$ ：挖掘铲入土深度 Excavation shovel depth/mm
-1	0.4	25	170
0	0.7	30	185
1	1.0	35	200

Table 2 Experimental factors and levels

水平 Level	因素Factor
水平 Level	$x 1$ ：机具前进速度 Harvester forward speed/（m·s^-1）	$x 2$ ：挖掘铲入土角 Shovel entry angle/（°）	$x 3$ ：挖掘铲入土深度 Excavation shovel depth/mm
-1	0.4	25	170
0	0.7	30	185
1	1.0	35	200

Table 3 Experimental program and results

试验编号 Experimental number	$x 1$ ：机具前进速度 Harvester forward speed/（m·s^-1）	$x 2$ ：挖掘铲入土角 Shovel entry angle/（°）	$x 3$ ：挖掘铲入土深度 Excavation shovel depth/mm	$y 1$ ：明薯率 Cassava digging rate/%	$y 2$ ：伤薯率 Cassava injury rate/%
1	0.4	25	185	94.46	3.29
2	1.0	25	185	85.21	6.58
3	0.4	35	185	97.56	6.58
4	1.0	35	185	90.21	8.09
5	0.4	30	170	91.71	4.99
6	1.0	30	170	91.31	8.95
7	0.4	30	200	96.62	7.12
8	1.0	30	200	83.56	6.18
9	0.7	25	170	87.21	5.62
10	0.7	35	170	96.42	7.64
11	0.7	25	200	92.56	3.99
12	0.7	35	200	93.31	7.01
13	0.7	30	185	96.27	4.11
14	0.7	30	185	97.19	3.83
15	0.7	30	185	96.82	3.78
16	0.7	30	185	97.58	3.91
17	0.7	30	185	95.51	3.52

Table 3 Experimental program and results

试验编号 Experimental number	$x 1$ ：机具前进速度 Harvester forward speed/（m·s^-1）	$x 2$ ：挖掘铲入土角 Shovel entry angle/（°）	$x 3$ ：挖掘铲入土深度 Excavation shovel depth/mm	$y 1$ ：明薯率 Cassava digging rate/%	$y 2$ ：伤薯率 Cassava injury rate/%
1	0.4	25	185	94.46	3.29
2	1.0	25	185	85.21	6.58
3	0.4	35	185	97.56	6.58
4	1.0	35	185	90.21	8.09
5	0.4	30	170	91.71	4.99
6	1.0	30	170	91.31	8.95
7	0.4	30	200	96.62	7.12
8	1.0	30	200	83.56	6.18
9	0.7	25	170	87.21	5.62
10	0.7	35	170	96.42	7.64
11	0.7	25	200	92.56	3.99
12	0.7	35	200	93.31	7.01
13	0.7	30	185	96.27	4.11
14	0.7	30	185	97.19	3.83
15	0.7	30	185	96.82	3.78
16	0.7	30	185	97.58	3.91
17	0.7	30	185	95.51	3.52

Table 4 Analysis of variance for cassava digging rate， cassava injuring rate

试验指标 Experiment index	方差来源 Source of variance	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方和 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
y₁：明薯率 Cassava digging rate/%	模型Model	305.870 0	9	33.990 0	31.650 0	<0.000 1^**
	$x 1$ ：机具前进速度 Harvester forward speed	112.950 0	1	112.950 0	105.180 0	<0.000 1^**
	$x 2$ ：挖掘铲入土角 Shovel entry angle	40.770 0	1	40.770 0	37.970 0	0.000 5^**
	$x 3$ ：挖掘铲入土深度 Excavation shovel depth	0.045 0	1	0.045 0	0.041 9	0.843 6
	$x 1$ $x 2$	0.902 5	1	0.902 5	0.840 4	0.389 8
	$x 1$ $x 3$	40.070 0	1	40.070 0	37.310 0	0.000 5^**
	$x 2$ $x 3$	17.890 0	1	17.890 0	16.660 0	0.004 7^**
	$x 1 2$	42.970 0	1	42.970 0	40.010 0	0.000 4^**
	$x 2 2$	11.040 0	1	11.040 0	10.280 0	0.014 9^**
	$x 3 2$	30.230 0	1	30.230 0	28.150 0	0.001 1^**
	残差Residual	7.520 0	7	1.070 0
	失拟项Lack of fit	4.890 0	3	1.630 0	2.480 0	0.200 2
	纯误差Pure error	2.630 0	4	0.656 6
	总和Cor total	313.390 0	16
y2：伤薯率 Cassava injury rate/%	模型Model	51.370 0	9	5.710 0	43.680 0	<0.000 1^**
	$x 1$ ：机具前进速度 Harvester forward speed	7.640 0	1	7.640 0	58.500 0	0.000 1^**
	$x 2$ ：挖掘铲入土角 Shovel entry angle	12.100 0	1	12.100 0	92.620 0	<0.000 1^**
	$x 3$ ：挖掘铲入土深度 Excavation shovel depth	1.050 0	1	1.050 0	8.040 0	0.025 2^*
	$x 1$ $x 2$	0.792 1	1	0.792 1	6.060 0	0.043 3^*
	$x 1$ $x 3$	6.000 0	1	6.000 0	45.940 0	0.000 3^**
	$x 2$ $x 3$	0.250 0	1	0.250 0	1.910 0	0.209 1
	$x 1 2$	9.790 0	1	9.790 0	74.940 0	<0.000 1^**
	$x 2 2$	2.560 0	1	2.560 0	19.600 0	0.003 1^**
	$x 3 2$	8.910 0	1	8.910 0	68.220 0	<0.000 1^**
	残差Residual	0.914 7	7	0.130 7
	失拟项Lack of fit	0.731 3	3	0.243 8	5.320 0	0.070 1
	纯误差Pure error	0.183 4	4	0.045 9
	总和Cor total	52.290 0	16

Table 4 Analysis of variance for cassava digging rate， cassava injuring rate

试验指标 Experiment index	方差来源 Source of variance	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方和 Mean square	F值 F value	P值 P value
y₁：明薯率 Cassava digging rate/%	模型Model	305.870 0	9	33.990 0	31.650 0	<0.000 1^**
	$x 1$ ：机具前进速度 Harvester forward speed	112.950 0	1	112.950 0	105.180 0	<0.000 1^**
	$x 2$ ：挖掘铲入土角 Shovel entry angle	40.770 0	1	40.770 0	37.970 0	0.000 5^**
	$x 3$ ：挖掘铲入土深度 Excavation shovel depth	0.045 0	1	0.045 0	0.041 9	0.843 6
	$x 1$ $x 2$	0.902 5	1	0.902 5	0.840 4	0.389 8
	$x 1$ $x 3$	40.070 0	1	40.070 0	37.310 0	0.000 5^**
	$x 2$ $x 3$	17.890 0	1	17.890 0	16.660 0	0.004 7^**
	$x 1 2$	42.970 0	1	42.970 0	40.010 0	0.000 4^**
	$x 2 2$	11.040 0	1	11.040 0	10.280 0	0.014 9^**
	$x 3 2$	30.230 0	1	30.230 0	28.150 0	0.001 1^**
	残差Residual	7.520 0	7	1.070 0
	失拟项Lack of fit	4.890 0	3	1.630 0	2.480 0	0.200 2
	纯误差Pure error	2.630 0	4	0.656 6
	总和Cor total	313.390 0	16
y2：伤薯率 Cassava injury rate/%	模型Model	51.370 0	9	5.710 0	43.680 0	<0.000 1^**
	$x 1$ ：机具前进速度 Harvester forward speed	7.640 0	1	7.640 0	58.500 0	0.000 1^**
	$x 2$ ：挖掘铲入土角 Shovel entry angle	12.100 0	1	12.100 0	92.620 0	<0.000 1^**
	$x 3$ ：挖掘铲入土深度 Excavation shovel depth	1.050 0	1	1.050 0	8.040 0	0.025 2^*
	$x 1$ $x 2$	0.792 1	1	0.792 1	6.060 0	0.043 3^*
	$x 1$ $x 3$	6.000 0	1	6.000 0	45.940 0	0.000 3^**
	$x 2$ $x 3$	0.250 0	1	0.250 0	1.910 0	0.209 1
	$x 1 2$	9.790 0	1	9.790 0	74.940 0	<0.000 1^**
	$x 2 2$	2.560 0	1	2.560 0	19.600 0	0.003 1^**
	$x 3 2$	8.910 0	1	8.910 0	68.220 0	<0.000 1^**
	残差Residual	0.914 7	7	0.130 7
	失拟项Lack of fit	0.731 3	3	0.243 8	5.320 0	0.070 1
	纯误差Pure error	0.183 4	4	0.045 9
	总和Cor total	52.290 0	16

Fig. 7 Influence of interaction on cassava digging rate and cassava injuring rate

Table 5 Analysis of validation results

试验号 Experiment number	机具前进速度Harvester forward speed/（m·s^-1）	挖掘铲入土角 Shovel entry angle/（°）	挖掘铲入土深度 Excavation shovel depth/mm	明薯率Cassava digging rate/%	伤薯率 Cassava injury rate/%
1	0.56	28	187	96.38	4.78
2				95.21	4.32
3				94.32	5.35
4				95.75	4.46
5				93.32	4.12

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