Abstract:

In order to understand the nutritional requirement of amino acid in bumblebee feeding and pollination， this paper set 4 lysine levels （0%， 2%， 4%， 6% of total amino alids） to study the its effects on the growth， development and physiological metabolism of young bumblebee workers taking the mixture of 18 kinds of amino acids and syrup as experimental materials. The one-day-old bumblebees were fed for 20 d， and the death number of workers was recorded. The chest muscle protein content of workers was determined， and the metabolites in their hemolymph were analyzed by LC-MS metabonomics method. The results showed that when the dietary lysine level was 6%， the chest muscle protein content was the highest and the number of worker bees death rate was the lowest. Metabonomic analysis showed that hemolymph metabolites of 6% lysine group were significantly separated from those of dietary lysine deficiency group， and 28 differential metabolites were identified including amino acids， purines and so on. The results of differential metabolite enrichment analysis showed that the most significant pathway was histidine metabolism （P<0.01）， and the significant pathways were alanine， aspartic acid and glutamate metabolism， arginine biosynthesis， purine metabolism， pantothenic acid and coenzyme A biosynthesis （P<0.05）. Considering the above indicators， although the breast muscle protein content and life span of 6% lysine group were better， the hemolymph metabolites histamine， adenosine and adenine showed a downward trend at this level. 4% to 6% of the lysine level in the diet was more suitable for the growth and development of young worker bees. This study revealed the relationship between lysine requirement and breast muscle protein content and longevity of young bumblebee workers， and analyzed the effects of different levels of lysine on metabolism of bumblebee workers， which provided theoretical basis for nutritional supplement in large-scale feeding and pollination applications.

Key words: bumblebee, lysine, chest protein content, lifespan, metabolite analysis

摘要：

为了解熊蜂饲养和授粉中对氨基酸的营养需求，以18种氨基酸与糖水混合物为试验材料，设置4组不同赖氨酸水平（总氨基酸含量占比分别为0%、2%、4%、6%），研究其对幼年地熊蜂工蜂生长发育及生理代谢的影响。对1日龄工蜂饲喂20 d，记录工蜂死亡数量，测定工蜂胸部肌肉蛋白含量，采用LC-MS代谢组学方法分析工蜂血淋巴中代谢物差异。结果表明，饲粮中赖氨酸为6%时，工蜂胸部肌肉蛋白含量最高，死亡数量最少。代谢组学分析表明，饲粮缺乏赖氨酸组与6%赖氨酸组血淋巴代谢物明显分离，筛选共鉴定出28种差异代谢物，包括氨基酸、嘌呤等。差异代谢物富集分析发现，差异极显著的通路有组氨酸代谢（P<0.01），差异显著的通路有丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢、精氨酸生物合成、嘌呤代谢、泛酸和辅酶A生物合成（P<0.05）。综合考虑上述指标，6%赖氨酸处理组的地熊蜂胸肌蛋白含量和寿命更优，但此水平下工蜂血淋巴代谢物组胺、腺苷、腺嘌呤呈下调趋势，因此地熊蜂日粮中赖氨酸比例为4%~6%更适合幼年工蜂的生长发育与生存。揭示了幼年地熊蜂工蜂对赖氨酸需求与胸部肌肉蛋白含量及寿命之间的关系，分析了不同水平赖氨酸对其代谢影响，为熊蜂规模化饲养和授粉应用中的营养补充提供理论依据。

关键词: 地熊蜂, 赖氨酸, 胸部蛋白含量, 存活率, 代谢物分析