Abstract:

Nitrogen-fixing microorganism provides large amount of nitrogen sources to crops. It is of great significance to carry out biological nitrogen fixation research in solving great social issues of grain shortage, energy consumption and environmental pollution in China. This paper reviews the current development status on nitrogen-fixing microorganism and bio-fertilizer industry in the world, and makes case analysis on successful cases in applying bio-fertilizer during agricultural production in Brazil, Argentina and other countries. The authors also put forward constructive suggestions for the development of industrial bio-fertilizer in China, such as studies on mechanisms of nif gene expression and regulation, together with interaction of microbe-plant at the functional genomic level must be strengthened. This will lay an important theoretical basis for developing comprehensive engineering strains with high nitrogen fixation and stress tolerance ability.

Key words: nitrogen fixation, functional genomics, bio-fertilizer

摘要：

固氮微生物为植物提供了大量的氮素来源,开展生物固氮的研究对缓解我国粮食短缺、能源消耗、环境污染等重大社会问题具有重要意义。综述了国际上关于固氮微生物功能基因组学以及微生物肥料产业的发展状况,并以巴西、阿根廷等国家在农业生产中的节肥增产的成功经验进行了案例分析。针对目前我国微生物肥料产业的发展状况以及行业前景提出了建设性意见,认为在功能基因组学平台上加强对固氮微生物基因表达调控及与宿主互作机制的研究将为后续开发性能优良的高效固氮、综合抗逆的固氮微生物工程菌株奠定重要理论基础。

关键词: 生物固氮;功能基因组学;微生物肥料