解磷生物肥对温室土壤磷有效性及辣椒产量的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2023.0023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明解磷生物肥（PSWY）对温室土壤磷有效性和辣椒产量的影响，采用室内盆栽试验，设置4个施肥处理：常规施肥（CK）、常规施肥+鸡粪（腐熟）3 000 kg·hm^-2（PY1）、常规施肥+PSWY 3 000 kg·hm^-2（PY2）、常规施肥+解磷菌P623-9 240 L·hm^-2（PY3），在不同时期对土壤有效磷（available phosphorous，AP）、微生物量磷（microbial biomass phosphorus，MBP）含量进行测定，并对辣椒地上部干重、辣椒根系发育及产量进行比较。结果表明，PY1、PY2和PY3处理土壤AP含量平均值较CK分别提高40.9%、73.1%和38.1%，土壤MBP含量与CK相比分别提高23.4%、58.9%和45.4%；辣椒产量表现为PY2>PY1>PY3>CK，PY1、PY2和PY3处理较CK分别增产10.9%、14.5%和7.7%，PY2处理可增加辣椒地上部干重、促进根系发育，与其他3个处理相比均呈现显著性差异（P<0.05）；辣椒产量与土壤有效磷含量、土壤解磷菌数量、微生物量磷含量及植株地上部干重呈显著正相关（P<0.01）。综上可知，PSWY能够显著增加土壤有效磷含量，促进辣椒根系发育，增加地上部干重，大幅提高产量，同时减少农业面源污染，研究结果为设施农业可持续发展提供理论依据。

关键词: 解磷菌, 生物有机肥, 有效磷, 产量

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effect of biological fertilizer（PSWY）on soil phosphorus availability and pepper yield in greenhouse， the experiment method of indoor pot was adopted， 4 fertilizer treatments were set up： conventional fertilization（CK）， conventional fertilization + chicken manure （rancid） 3 000 kg·hm^-2（PY1）， conventional fertilization + PSWY 3 000 kg·hm^-2 （PY2）， conventional fertilization + phospholytic bacteria P623-9 240 L·hm^-2（PY3）， soil available phosphorous （AP） and microbial biomass phosphorus （MBP） content were monitored at different periods， and the dry weight of shoot， root development and yield of pepper were compared. The results showed that compared with CK， average soil AP content in PY1， PY2 and PY3 treatments increased by 40.9%， 73.1% and 38.1%， MBP content increased by 23.4%， 58.9% and 45.4%. The yield of pepper showed as PY2>PY1>PY3>CK， the yield of PY1， PY2 and PY increased 10.9%， 14.5% and 7.7% than CK， PY2 treatment could increase dry weight and promote root development，which was significantly different from the other 3 treatments （P<0.05）. There was significant positive correlation between pepper yield and soil AP content， soil phosphorus solubilizing bacteria number， MBP content and plant shoot dry weight （P<0.01）. To sum up， PSWY could significantly increase soil available phosphorus content， promote root development of pepper， and increase aboveground dry weight， and dramatically increase production of peppers， at the same time reduce agricultural non-point source pollution， which provided a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of facility agriculture.

Key words: phosphate solubilizing bacteria, biological-organic fertilizer, available phosphorus, yield

中图分类号:

S626.5

吴红艳, 于淼, 冯健, 刘晖. 解磷生物肥对温室土壤磷有效性及辣椒产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(10): 189-197.

Hongyan WU, Miao YU, Jian FENG, Hui LIU. Effect of Phosphorus Solubilizing Bio-fertilizer on Soil Phosphorus Availability and Pepper Yield in Greenhouse[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(10): 189-197.

图/表 9

表1 载体吸水性及有效菌体释放率

Table 1 Carrier hydroscopicity and effective cell release rate

载体 Vector	吸水性 Hygroscopy/mL	有效菌体释放率 Effective thallus release rate/%
腐殖酸 Humic acid	6.4	72
蚯蚓粪 Wormcast	8.1	59
鸡粪（腐熟） Chicken manure （decomposed）	7.6	85

图1 不同载体不同时间下的菌体存活数量注：不同小写字母表示处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 1 Survival number of bacteria in different carriers at different timesNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments at P<0.05 level.

图2 不同施肥处理下土壤解磷菌数量注：不同小写字母表示处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 2 Quantity of soil phosphorus solubilizing bacteria in different fertilization treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments at P<0.05 level.

图3 不同施肥处理下土壤有效磷含量注：不同小写字母表示处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 3 Soil available phosphorus content under different fertilization treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments at P<0.05 level.

图4 不同施肥处理下土壤微生物量磷含量注：不同小写字母表示处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 4 Soil microbial biomass phosphorus content in different fertilization treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments at P<0.05 level.

图5 不同施肥处理下辣椒地上部干重注：不同小写字母表示处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 5 Aboveground dry weight of pepper under different fertilization treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments at P<0.05 level.

表2 不同施肥处理下辣椒整根干重、长度及主根直径

Table 2 Whole root dry weight， length and taproot diameter of pepper under different fertilization treatments

根系 Root system	CK	PY1	PY2	PY3
整根干重 Whole root dry weight/g	4.213 5±0.167 2 c	5.436 8±0.079 3 b	6.826 9±0.101 3 a	4.420 1±0.203 2 c
根长度 Root length/cm	24.533 6±1.469 0 c	25.314 2±1.053 7 bc	29.300 4±0.516 6 a	28.466 7±1.215 5 ab
主根直径 Taproot diameter/mm	7.936 7±0.365 8 c	8.916 2±0.116 1 b	9.996 3±0.133 7 a	8.663 9±0.307 2 bc

图6 不同施肥处理下的辣椒产量注：不同小写字母表示处理间差异在P<0.05水平显著。

Fig. 6 Pepper yield under different fertilization treatmentsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference between treatments at P<0.05 level.

表3 土壤有效磷含量、辣椒地上部干重、辣椒产量、土壤解磷菌数量及微生物量磷的相关性分析

Table 3 Correlation analysis between number of soil phosphorus solubilizing bacteria， soil MBP， plant dry weight， pepper yield and soil AP

指标 Index	土壤有效磷 Soil AP	辣椒地上部干重 Aboveground dry weight	辣椒产量 Pepper yield	土壤解磷菌数量 Soil phosphorus solubiliating bacteria
辣椒地上部干重 Aboveground dry weight	0.759^**
辣椒产量 Pepper yield	0.791^**	0.921^**
土壤解磷菌数量 Poil phosphorus solubiliating bacteria	0.799^**	0.814^**	0.924^**
土壤微生物量磷 Soil MBP	0.927^**	0.899^**	0.860^**	0.787^**

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