连续两年沼液与化肥配施对桃生长及土壤理化性质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0022

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2023, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (8): 165-175.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0022

连续两年沼液与化肥配施对桃生长及土壤理化性质的影响

杜彩艳¹(), 鲁海燕²(), 熊艳竹², 孙曦¹, 孙秀梅², 普继雄², 张乃明³()

^1.云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，昆明 650205
^2.云南省红河州弥勒市农业技术推广中心，云南红河 652399
^3.云南省农业大学资源与环境学院，昆明 650201

收稿日期:2022-01-10 接受日期:2022-05-07 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2023-09-07
通讯作者: 张乃明
作者简介:杜彩艳 E-mail：caiyandu@126.com
鲁海燕 E-mail：539823163@qq.com第一联系人：杜彩艳和鲁海燕为共同第一作者。
基金资助:
农业农村部农业绿色发展先行先试支撑体系建设项目;云南省重点研发计划项目(2018BC003)

Effects of Combined Application of Biogas Slurry and Chemical Fertilizer on Peach Growth and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties for Two Consecutive Years

Caiyan DU¹(), Haiyan LU²(), Yanzhu XIONG², Xi SUN¹, Xiumei SUN², Jixiong PU², Naiming ZHANG³()

^1.Institute of Agricultural Resources & Environment，Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Kunming 650205，China
^2.Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Mile City，Yunnan Honghe 652399，China
^3.College of Resource and Environment，Yunnan Agricultural University，Kunming 650201，China

Received:2022-01-10 Accepted:2022-05-07 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2023-09-07
Contact: Naiming ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究不同比例沼液替代化肥对土壤性质和水蜜桃生长、产量、果实品质的影响，以6年生‘早香蜜桃’为试验材料，通过连续2年沼液（ZF）化肥（HF）配施的果园田间定位试验，以无肥处理（CK）为对照，复合肥（CF）研究等氮（N）量条件下0%（HF100%）、10%（HF90%+ZF10%）、20%（HF80%+ZF20%）、30%（HF70%+ZF30%）比例沼液氮替代化肥氮处理下土壤性质和水蜜桃生长、产量、果实品质的变化，结果表明，追施沼液2年后，不同施肥处理均能增加土壤有机质（soil organic matter，SOM）含量；且沼液与化肥配施处理均可提高土壤pH。不同施肥处理均可明显提高土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量，其中以HF70%+ZF30%处理的增幅最大，较CK分别显著提高44.31%、41.10%、75.14%。不同施肥处理均提高了土壤中交换性钙、交换性镁、有效锌、有效锰、有效铜和有效铁含量，其中HF70%+ZF30%处理的增加效果最明显，HF80%+ZF20%处理次之。与CK相比，不同施肥处理均能促进桃树生长，增加桃叶片氮、磷、钾和叶绿素含量及枝条充实，明显提高了果实产量，增产率0.80%～12.24%。不同施肥处理均提高了桃果实的果皮硬度及可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和Vc含量，降低了可滴定酸含量。综合比较发现，在本试验条件下以HF70%+ZF30%配施较适合桃的生长及其品质的提升，为沼液作肥料进行利用提供了科学依据。

关键词: 沼液, 桃, 土壤养分, 生长发育, 果实品质

Abstract:

To study the effects of different proportions of biogas slurry replacing chemical fertilizer on soil properties， fruit growth， yield and quality of peach， the 6-years-old ‘Zaoxiang peach’ was as the experimental material， and the different ratios of biogas slurry （ZF） N substitution for chemical fertilizer （HF）were set， with the substitution ratios of total nitrogen by biogas slurry according to 0% （HF100%）， 10% （HF90%+ZF10%）， 20% （HF80%+ZF20%） and 30% （HF70%+ZF30%）， respectively， and compound fertilizer （CF） no fertilizer treatment （CK） as control. The soil properties and peach growth， yield and fruit quality were determined in the two-year site experiments under different treatments. The results showed that， after topdressing biogas slurry for 2 years， the different fertilization treatments could increase the content of soil organic matter （SOM）， and the treatments of biogas slurry combined with chemical fertilizer could increase the soil pH. Different fertilization treatments could significantly increase the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium， especially in HF70%+ZF30% treatment， which the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable N， available P and available K were increased by 44.31%， 41.10% and 75.14%， respectively， compared with CK. Different fertilization applications increased the contents of exchangeable calcium， exchangeable magnesium， available zinc， available manganese， available copper and available iron in soil， of which HF70%+ZF30% treatment were the most obvious， followed by HF80%+ZF20% treatment. Compared with CK， different fertilization applications could promote the growth of peach trees， increase the contents of N， P， K， chlorophyll in peach leaves and branch enrichment， and significantly promote peach yield by 0.80%～12.24%. Different fertilization applications increased peel hardness and the contents of soluble solids， soluble sugar content and Vc， and decreased titratable acid content for peach fruit. In conclusion， the combination of HF70%+ZF30% was the best for the growth of peach and its quality， which provided scientific basis for biogas slurry as fertilizer.

Key words: biogas slurry, peach, soil nutrients, growth, quality of fruit

中图分类号:

S156

杜彩艳, 鲁海燕, 熊艳竹, 孙曦, 孙秀梅, 普继雄, 张乃明. 连续两年沼液与化肥配施对桃生长及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(8): 165-175.

Caiyan DU, Haiyan LU, Yanzhu XIONG, Xi SUN, Xiumei SUN, Jixiong PU, Naiming ZHANG. Effects of Combined Application of Biogas Slurry and Chemical Fertilizer on Peach Growth and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties for Two Consecutive Years[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(8): 165-175.

图/表 9

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年份 Year	Pb	As	Cd	Hg	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn
2020	—	—	0.019	—	—	0.20	0.81	4.18
2021	—	—	0.015	—	—	0.16	0.77	3.35

年份 Year	Pb	As	Cd	Hg	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn
2020	—	—	0.019	—	—	0.20	0.81	4.18
2021	—	—	0.015	—	—	0.16	0.77	3.35

处理Treatment	沼液/（kg·株^-1） Biogas slurry/（kg·plant^-1）		尿素/（kg·株^-1） Urea/（kg·plant^-1）
处理Treatment	2020	2021	2020	2021
CK	—	—	—	—
CF*	—	—	1.00	1.00
HF100%	—	—	0.65	0.65
HF90%+ZF10%	111.10	112.80	0.59	0.59
HF80%+ZF20%	222.20	225.60	0.52	0.52
HF70%+ZF30%	333.30	338.40	0.46	0.46

处理Treatment	沼液/（kg·株^-1） Biogas slurry/（kg·plant^-1）		尿素/（kg·株^-1） Urea/（kg·plant^-1）
处理Treatment	2020	2021	2020	2021
CK	—	—	—	—
CF*	—	—	1.00	1.00
HF100%	—	—	0.65	0.65
HF90%+ZF10%	111.10	112.80	0.59	0.59
HF80%+ZF20%	222.20	225.60	0.52	0.52
HF70%+ZF30%	333.30	338.40	0.46	0.46

指标Index	CK	CF	HF100%	HF90%+ZF10%	HF80%+ZF20%	HF70%+ZF30%
pH	4.49±0.07 a	4.52±0.12 a	4.45±0.16 a	4.53±0.12 a	4.74±0.26 a	4.87±0.49 a
土壤有机质SOM/（g·kg^-1）	43.20±1.74 a	43.75±1.53 a	43.25±3.37 a	43.88±0.65 a	44.67±0.66 a	45.20±1.15 a

连续两年沼液与化肥配施对桃生长及土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Biogas Slurry and Chemical Fertilizer on Peach Growth and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties for Two Consecutive Years

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Metrics

处理 Treatment	交换性钙 Exchangeable Ca	交换性镁Exchangeable Mg	有效锌 Effective Zn	有效锰 Effective Mn	有效铜 Effective Cu	有效铁 Effective Fe
CK	523.96±37.86 a	133.33±17.21 a	1.41±0.23 b	15.92±1.09 b	2.68±0.16 b	22.12±2.20 b
CF	534.38±19.09 a	149.27±13.51 a	1.67±0.08 ab	18.46±0.58 a	2.82±0.25 b	24.72±1.20 ab
HF100%	554.17±30.38 a	142.71±14.77 a	1.58±0.20 ab	16.46±0.33 b	2.81±0.12 b	23.39±0.31 b
HF90%+ZF10%	557.29±30.38 a	153.13±15.41 a	1.65±0.09 ab	19.33±1.65 a	3.03±0.06 ab	26.85±1.72 a
HF80%+ZF20%	584.90±44.00 a	154.27±12.43 a	1.60±0.12 ab	20.09±0.81 a	3.18±0.19 a	27.58±2.02 a
HF70%+ZF30%	594.79±53.16 a	168.75±17.68 a	1.74±0.15 a	20.23±1.35 a	3.26±0.24 a	27.20±2.01 a

处理 Treatment	枝条长度 Branch length/cm	枝条粗度 Branch thickness/cm	叶绿素a 含量 Chlorophyll a content/（mg·g^-1）	叶绿素b 含量 Chlorophyll b content/（mg·g^-1）
CK	41.78±1.56 a	2.16±0.21 a	2.03±0.01 b	0.48±0.11 a
CF	43.46±2.77 a	2.28±0.43 a	2.28±0.08 a	0.55±0.09 a
HF100%	42.65±2.42 a	2.25±0.32 a	2.27±0.10 a	0.51±0.12 a
HF90%+ZF10%	43.67±1.43 a	2.31±0.36 a	2.31±0.12 a	0.57±0.08 a
HF80%+ZF20%	44.11±2.52 a	2.32±0.16 a	2.36±0.09 a	0.62±0.10 a
HF70%+ZF30%	44.94±3.33 a	2.36±0.41 a	2.39±0.11 a	0.64±0.07 a

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