火山石沉积对鱼菜共生系统运行的探究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2022.0074

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在一体化鱼菜共生系统中，由于鱼类排泄物和残饵过量累积于池底易引起水质的进一步污染，在池底放置火山石，探究其对鱼菜生长、水质净化和系统氮磷利用率的影响。试验设置4个处理，分别是养殖鲤鱼（F），养殖鲤鱼并在鱼池底部添加火山石（Fv），养殖鲤鱼、在鱼池底部添加火山石并在上部种植生菜（Fvs），只养殖鲤鱼和种植生菜（Fs）。45 d的试验结果表明，添加火山石有效降低了亚硝酸盐氮含量，有助于硝酸盐氮的累积，对鱼的产量无影响，但生菜产量显著（P<0.05）提高了33.95%；添加火山石的一体化鱼菜种养殖系统（Fvs）氮利用率（NUE）和磷利用率（PUE）最高，分别为36.80%和26.14%。综上，在一体化鱼菜共生系统中添加火山石可以有效降低亚硝酸盐氮的含量，减少水中有毒物质的累积，促进硝酸盐氮的累积，为植物生长提供更多的营养物质，并能提高氮与磷的利用效率以及生菜产量，结果可为鱼菜共生系统的有效运行提供理论依据。

关键词: 一体化鱼菜共生系统, 火山石, 产量, 净化作用, 氮磷利用率

Abstract:

In an aquaponics， excessive accumulation of fish excreta and bait residues on the bottom of the pond may cause further pollution of the water， so the experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of volcanic rocks on the growth of fish and vegetables， water purification and nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency of the Aquaponics. 4 treatments were set up for this experiment： farming carp （F）， farming carp and adding volcanic rocks to the bottom of the pond （Fv）， planting lettuce on the pond of Fv （Fvs） and planting lettuce on the pond of F （Fs）. The results of the 45 d trial showed that the addition of volcanic rocks effectively reduced nitrite nitrogen concentrations and contributed to the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen， and had no effect on fish production， but significantly increased lettuce production by 33.95%（P<0.05）； the integrated aquaponics culture system with volcanic rocks （Fvs） had the highest nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency （NUE， PUE）， up to 36.80% and 26.14% respectively. In conclusion， it was concluded that the addition of volcanic rocks to an integrated aquaponics could effectively reduce the concentration of nitrite nitrogen， decrease the accumulation of toxic substances in the water， promote the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and then increase lettuce production， and enhance the utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus， which could provide a theoretical basis for the effective operation of aquaponics systems.

Key words: integrated aquaponics, volcanic rock, production, purification, nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency

中图分类号:

S965

陈登龙, 张雨翔, 宋佳佳, 陈鹏宇, 温祥珍, 李亚灵. 火山石沉积对鱼菜共生系统运行的探究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(7): 207-214.

Denglong CHEN, Yuxiang ZHANG, Jiajia SONG, Pengyu CHEN, Xiangzhen WEN, Yaling LI. Study of Volcanic Rock Deposition on the Running of Aquaponics[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(7): 207-214.

图/表 7

图1 一体化鱼菜共生系统

Fig.1 System of the integrated aquaponics

表1 试验期间各处理单元的水质状况

Table 1 Water quality status of each treatment unit during the test period

指标 Index
指标 Index	F	Fv	Fvs	Fs
水温Water temperature/℃	14.85±1.50	14.97±1.48	14.82±1.51	15.04±1.43
溶解氧DO/（mg·L^-1）	6.41±0.63	6.37±0.60	6.02±0.68	5.96±0.64
pH	8.22±0.09	8.23±0.12	8.23±0.11	8.21±0.10
盐度EC/（mS·cm^-1）	0.63±0.02	0.64±0.02	0.63±0.02	0.63±0.02

图2 不同处理下氮化合物质量浓度

Fig. 2 Mass concentration of nitrogen compounds in different treatments

图3 不同处理下总磷质量浓度

Fig. 3 Mass concentration of total phosphorus in different treatments

表2 各处理间鱼菜生长变化

Table 2 Fish and plant growth results in different treatments

处理 Treatment	鱼 Fish				生菜 Lettuce
处理 Treatment	特定增长率 Specific growth rate/%	饲料转化率 Feed conversion rate/%	存活率 Survival rate/%	产量增长率 Production growth rate/%	产量/（g·株^-1） Yield /（g·plant^-1）	小区产量 Cell yield/g
F	1.00 a	1.38 a	100	56.82 a	—	—
Fv	1.02 a	1.36 a	100	58.61 a	—	—
Fvs	0.97 a	1.47 a	100	54.86 a	38.75 a	1 239.79 a
Fs	0.96 a	1.47 a	100	56.02 a	28.92 b	925.55 b

图4 生菜叶片数和株高变化

Fig.4 Variation in leaf number and plant height of lettuce

图5 不同处理的氮和磷利用效率

Fig.5 Utilization efficiency of nitroge and phosphorus in different treatments

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