陆地棉苗期耐低氮种质鉴评与筛选

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.1034

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为分析棉花苗期的耐低氮性，在模拟大田低氮（15 g·m^-2）和正常氮（45 g·m^-2）施肥条件下，采用旱棚盆栽种植法，对419份陆地棉核心种质苗期的根干重、地上部干重、总干重、根冠比和叶绿素值进行测定，计算其耐低氮指数，并通过相关性分析、主成分分析以及隶属函数分析，综合评价419份陆地棉种质资源的耐低氮性。结果表明，低氮胁迫下，陆地棉幼苗地上部干重的耐低氮指数与根冠比的耐低氮指数呈极显著负相关，其他性状间均呈显著或极显著正相关。主成分分析将5项指标综合为3个主成分，累积贡献率达98.590%。依据3个主成分的权重计算各种质资源的综合评价值（D值），将419份种质划分为4个等级，筛选出10份耐低氮种质。利用逐步回归分析建立了陆地棉耐低氮性鉴定的回归方程：D=-0.123+0.167X_RDWNRI+0.252X_TDWNRI+0.132X_SPADNRI （X_RDWNRI、X_TDWNRI、X_SPADNRI分别为根干重、总干重、叶绿素值的耐低氮指数）。以上研究结果为进一步开展棉花耐低氮基因挖掘和耐低氮品种改良奠定了基础。

关键词: 陆地棉, 核心种质, 苗期, 耐低氮, 筛选

Abstract:

In order to analyze the nitrogen deficiency tolerance of cotton germplasm resources， in pots with low nitrogen （15 g·m^-2） and normal nitrogen （45 g·m^-2） conditions under a rainproof shelter at the seedling stage， root dry weight， shoot dry weight， total dry weight， ratio of root to shoot and chlorophyll value of 419 upland cotton germplasm resources were measured， and their nitrogen deficiency tolerance indexes were calculated. Through correlation analysis， principal component analysis and membership function analysis， the comprehensive evaluation of nitrogen deficiency tolerance of 419 cotton germplasm resources was conducted. The results showed that， under low nitrogen stress， there was extremely significantly negative correlation between the nitrogen resistance index in shoot dry weight and in ratio of root to shoot of cotton seedlings. However， other traits showed significantly positive correlations or extremely significantly positive correlations. Principal component analysis classified 5 indexes into 3 principal components， whose cumulative variance contribution rate was 98.590%. D-values were calculated based on the weights of these 3 principal components. Then the 419 germplasms were divided into 4 grades and 10 nitrogen deficiency tolerant germplasms were screened. Furthermore， through stepwise regression analysis，a regression equation was established as D=-0.123+0.167X_RDWNRI+0.252X_TDWNRI+0.132X_SPADNRI （X_RDWNRI， X_TDWNRI and X_SPADNRI were nitrogen resistance indexes of root dry weight， total dry weight and chlorophyll value）. Above results laid foundation for further mining of nitrogen deficiency tolerant genes and improving nitrogen deficiency tolerance of cotton.

Key words: upland cotton, core collection, seedling stage, nitrogen deficiency tolerance, screening

中图分类号:

S562

吕星, 王星懿, 孙正文, 柯会锋, 王国宁, 张艳, 王省芬, 马峙英, 谷淇深. 陆地棉苗期耐低氮种质鉴评与筛选[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(11): 102-110.

Xing LYU, Xingyi WANG, Zhengwen SUN, Huifeng KE, Guoning WANG, Yan ZHANG, Xingfen WANG, Zhiying MA, Qishen GU. Evaluation and Screening on Nitrogen Deficiency Tolerant Germplasm of Upland Cotton at Seedling Stage[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(11): 102-110.

图/表 6

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性状 Trait	低氮 Low nitrogen			正常氮 Normal nitrogen			耐低氮指数 NRI
性状 Trait	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV%	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV%	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV%
根干重RDW/g	0.42	0.22	51.22	0.43	0.25	58.53	1.10	0.64	57.91
地上部干重SDW/g	1.10	0.42	37.93	1.20	0.58	48.43	0.99	0.53	53.54
总干重TDW/g	1.52	0.60	39.62	1.64	0.81	49.44	1.02	0.53	51.89
根冠比RSR	0.38	0.13	33.10	0.35	0.12	33.26	1.08	0.48	44.88
叶绿素值SPAD	37.96	6.82	17.97	39.43	5.77	14.64	0.97	0.20	21.14

性状 Trait	低氮 Low nitrogen			正常氮 Normal nitrogen			耐低氮指数 NRI
性状 Trait	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV%	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV%	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV%
根干重RDW/g	0.42	0.22	51.22	0.43	0.25	58.53	1.10	0.64	57.91
地上部干重SDW/g	1.10	0.42	37.93	1.20	0.58	48.43	0.99	0.53	53.54
总干重TDW/g	1.52	0.60	39.62	1.64	0.81	49.44	1.02	0.53	51.89
根冠比RSR	0.38	0.13	33.10	0.35	0.12	33.26	1.08	0.48	44.88
叶绿素值SPAD	37.96	6.82	17.97	39.43	5.77	14.64	0.97	0.20	21.14

性状 Trait	环境 Environment	最小值 Min.	最大值 Max.	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV%	偏度 Skew	峰度 Kurt	广义遗传力 H²_b/%
根干重耐低氮指数 RDWNRI	E1	0.04	4.05	1.30	0.75	57.92	0.94	0.95	35.81
	E2	0.06	4.37	1.29	0.77	59.58	0.91	0.67
	E3	0.02	2.52	0.98	0.44	44.81	0.86	0.77
	E4	0.21	2.18	0.84	0.36	42.84	0.75	0.32
	E	0.16	2.27	1.00	0.35	34.68	0.70	0.71
地上部干重耐低氮指数 SDWNRI	E1	0.10	3.50	1.21	0.58	48.28	0.75	0.68	21.95
	E2	0.09	3.27	1.13	0.62	54.45	0.89	0.64
	E3	0.01	2.44	0.85	0.40	46.94	0.91	0.95
	E4	0.17	1.90	0.75	0.30	40.46	0.86	0.82
	E	0.36	2.01	0.93	0.30	32.07	0.85	0.88
总干重耐低氮指数 TDWNRI	E1	0.16	3.77	1.27	0.60	47.31	0.85	0.95	25.23
	E2	0.10	3.48	1.16	0.61	52.41	0.93	0.87
	E3	0.07	2.33	0.88	0.38	42.90	0.78	0.78
	E4	0.18	1.80	0.76	0.28	36.87	0.77	0.79
	E	0.31	2.05	0.94	0.28	29.53	0.71	0.75
根冠比耐低氮指数 RSRNRI	E1	0.04	2.81	1.04	0.46	44.43	0.75	0.89	45.34
	E2	0.04	2.74	1.06	0.50	47.17	0.87	0.94
	E3	0.18	3.12	1.14	0.44	38.48	0.71	0.78
	E4	0.01	2.98	1.07	0.52	49.26	0.75	0.66
	E	0.18	2.56	1.10	0.36	32.99	0.63	0.88
叶绿素值耐低氮指数 SPADNRI	E1	0.46	1.70	1.04	0.20	19.60	0.18	0.49	56.89
	E2	0.25	1.66	1.00	0.21	21.46	-0.28	0.70
	E3	0.54	1.58	0.91	0.16	17.44	0.27	0.45
	E4	0.49	1.59	0.92	0.21	22.43	0.58	-0.04
	E	1.14	1.66	1.02	0.20	19.74	0.34	-0.09

性状 Trait	环境 Environment	最小值 Min.	最大值 Max.	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV%	偏度 Skew	峰度 Kurt	广义遗传力 H²_b/%
根干重耐低氮指数 RDWNRI	E1	0.04	4.05	1.30	0.75	57.92	0.94	0.95	35.81
	E2	0.06	4.37	1.29	0.77	59.58	0.91	0.67
	E3	0.02	2.52	0.98	0.44	44.81	0.86	0.77
	E4	0.21	2.18	0.84	0.36	42.84	0.75	0.32
	E	0.16	2.27	1.00	0.35	34.68	0.70	0.71
地上部干重耐低氮指数 SDWNRI	E1	0.10	3.50	1.21	0.58	48.28	0.75	0.68	21.95
	E2	0.09	3.27	1.13	0.62	54.45	0.89	0.64
	E3	0.01	2.44	0.85	0.40	46.94	0.91	0.95
	E4	0.17	1.90	0.75	0.30	40.46	0.86	0.82
	E	0.36	2.01	0.93	0.30	32.07	0.85	0.88
总干重耐低氮指数 TDWNRI	E1	0.16	3.77	1.27	0.60	47.31	0.85	0.95	25.23
	E2	0.10	3.48	1.16	0.61	52.41	0.93	0.87
	E3	0.07	2.33	0.88	0.38	42.90	0.78	0.78
	E4	0.18	1.80	0.76	0.28	36.87	0.77	0.79
	E	0.31	2.05	0.94	0.28	29.53	0.71	0.75
根冠比耐低氮指数 RSRNRI	E1	0.04	2.81	1.04	0.46	44.43	0.75	0.89	45.34
	E2	0.04	2.74	1.06	0.50	47.17	0.87	0.94
	E3	0.18	3.12	1.14	0.44	38.48	0.71	0.78
	E4	0.01	2.98	1.07	0.52	49.26	0.75	0.66
	E	0.18	2.56	1.10	0.36	32.99	0.63	0.88
叶绿素值耐低氮指数 SPADNRI	E1	0.46	1.70	1.04	0.20	19.60	0.18	0.49	56.89
	E2	0.25	1.66	1.00	0.21	21.46	-0.28	0.70
	E3	0.54	1.58	0.91	0.16	17.44	0.27	0.45
	E4	0.49	1.59	0.92	0.21	22.43	0.58	-0.04
	E	1.14	1.66	1.02	0.20	19.74	0.34	-0.09

性状 Trait	主成分 Principal component			总载荷 Total load	排名 Ranking
性状 Trait	1	2	3	总载荷 Total load	排名 Ranking
根干重耐低氮指数RDWNRI	0.333	0.334	-0.188	0.231	2
地上部干重耐低氮指数SDWNRI	0.363	-0.267	0.077	0.114	5
总干重耐低氮指数TDWNRI	0.396	0.097	-0.004	0.227	3
根冠比耐低氮指数RSRNRI	0.020	0.633	-0.279	0.148	4
叶绿素值耐低氮指数SPADNRI	0.043	0.266	0.977	0.285	1
特征值Eigenvalue	2.492	1.506	0.932
贡献率Contribution rate/%	49.840	30.115	18.635
累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	49.840	79.956	98.590