伊犁河流域荒漠草原不同植物功能群下蝗虫群落结构及其影响因子的研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0369

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (10): 151-159.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0369

• 动植物健康 • 上一篇

伊犁河流域荒漠草原不同植物功能群下蝗虫群落结构及其影响因子的研究

刘华湘¹^,²(), 宋兴敏¹^,², 王梦佳¹^,², 李传恩¹^,², 曹竹君¹^,², 季荣¹^,², 袁亮¹^,², 刘慧霞¹^,²()

^1.新疆师范大学生命科学学院，中亚区域跨境有害生物联合控制国际联合研究中心，新疆特殊环境物种保护与调控生物学实验室，新疆特殊环境物种多样性应用与调控重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830054
^2.塔城昆虫迁飞生物学新疆野外科学观测研究站，新疆塔城 834700

收稿日期:2024-05-10 接受日期:2024-12-26 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-15
通讯作者: 刘慧霞
作者简介:刘华湘 E-mail：2785314036@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金青年基金项目(2024D01B49)

Study on Community Structure and Influencing Factors of Grasshoppers Under Different Plants Functional Groups in Yili River Basin Desert Grasslands

Huaxiang LIU¹^,²(), Xingmin SONG¹^,², Mengjia WANG¹^,², Chuanen LI¹^,², Zhujun CAO¹^,², Rong JI¹^,², Liang YUAN¹^,², Huixia LIU¹^,²()

^1.Key Laboratory of Special Environment Biodiversity Application and Regulation in Xinjiang，Key Laboratory of Special Environment Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology in Xinjiang，International Center for the Collaborative Management of Cross-border Pests in Central Asia，School of Life Sciences，Xinjiang Normal University，Urumqi 830054，China
^2.Tacheng Research Field （Migratory Biology），Observation and Research Station of Xinjiang，Xinjiang Tacheng 834700，China

Received:2024-05-10 Accepted:2024-12-26 Online:2025-10-15 Published:2025-10-15
Contact: Huixia LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究伊犁河流域荒漠草原不同植物功能群下蝗虫的群落结构特征及其影响因子，采用路线调查和典型样地布设相结合的方法确定蝗虫的发生情况，运用数量生态学的统计方法揭示荒漠草原蝗虫群落结构的主要影响因素。结果表明，伊犁河流域荒漠草原蝗虫物种数为4科、12属、20种，优势蝗虫主要为意大利蝗（Calliptamus italicus）、黑腿星翅蝗（Calliptamus barbarus）、小米纹蝗（Notostaurus albicornis）、黑条小车蝗（Oedaleus decorus decorus）和蓝胫戟纹蝗（Dociostaurus tartarus）。不同植物功能群间蝗虫的Shannon-Wiener指数无显著差异，但禾本科植物功能群样地蝗虫的S?rensen指数较菊科植物功能群样地显著提高61.00%（P<0.05），其他植物功能群间无显著差异。置换多元方差分析进一步表明，蝗虫密度在不同植物功能群间也存在显著差异（F=4.37，P<0.05）。通过构建结构方程模型和随机森林模型表明，年均温、日照时长、植被盖度是驱动伊犁河流域荒漠草原不同植物功能群下蝗虫群落密度的主要影响因子。以上研究结果为伊犁河流域荒漠草原蝗虫可持续治理提供理论依据。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 植物功能群, 蝗虫多样性, 影响因子, 伊犁河流域

Abstract:

In order to explore the characteristics of the grasshoppers community structure and its influencing factors in Yili River Basin desert grasslands， the combination of route surveys and typical sample plots were used to determine the occurrence of grasshoppers， and revealed the main influencing factors of the grasshopper community structure in desert grasslands by using statistical methods of quantitative ecology. The results showed that the number of desert grasshopper species in the Yili River Basin desert grasslands was 20 species， which belonged to 12 genera and 4 families. The dominant grasshoppers were Calliptamus italicus， Calliptamus barbarus， Notostaurus albicornis Oedaleus decorus decorus and Dociostaurus tartarus. There was no significant difference in Shannon-Wiener index of grasshopper alpha diversity among different plant functional groups. The S?rensen index of grasshoppers in the Gramineae functional group were significantly higher than that in the Asteraceae functional group by 61.00% （P<0.05）， and there were no significant differences between other plant functional groups. The results of permutational multi-variance analysis further showed that there were significant differences in grasshopper density among different plant functional groups （F=4.37， P<0.05）. The structural equation model and random forest model showed that average annual temperature， sunshine duration and vegetation coverage were the main influencing factors that drived the density of grasshopper communities under different plant functional groups in the desert grasslands of Ili River Basin. Above results provided a theoretical basis for sustainable management of grasshoppers in desert grasslands of Ili River Basin.

Key words: desert grassland, plants functional groups, grasshopper diversity, impact factors， Yili River Basin

中图分类号:

S185

刘华湘, 宋兴敏, 王梦佳, 李传恩, 曹竹君, 季荣, 袁亮, 刘慧霞. 伊犁河流域荒漠草原不同植物功能群下蝗虫群落结构及其影响因子的研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(10): 151-159.

Huaxiang LIU, Xingmin SONG, Mengjia WANG, Chuanen LI, Zhujun CAO, Rong JI, Liang YUAN, Huixia LIU. Study on Community Structure and Influencing Factors of Grasshoppers Under Different Plants Functional Groups in Yili River Basin Desert Grasslands[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(10): 151-159.

图/表 5

表1 不同植物功能群及其下蝗虫群落组成

Table 1 Composition of different plant functional groups and grasshopper communities

	植物Plant				蝗虫密度/（头·10复网^-1） Grasshopper density/（head·10 net^-1）
植物功能群Plant functional group	高度 Height/cm	盖度 Coverage/%	密度/（株·m^-2） Density/（plant·m^-2）	地上生物量 Above-ground biomass/（g·m^-2）		总计Total	雌性 Female	雄性 Male
菊科 Asteraceae	10.47±1.32 ab	30.97±3.61 ab	65.53±14.64 b	60.81±8.26 b	24.57±6.02 a		10.17±2.37 a	14.40±3.73 a
藜科 Chenopodiaceae	7.19±0.80 b	28.12±3.25 b	150.39±23.95 a	55.40±7.97 b	27.06±3.43 a		10.72±1.37 a	16.35±2.27 a
莎草科 Cyperaceae	7.20±0.98 b	33.91±2.67 ab	160.90±15.00 a	44.85±7.27 b	22.64±3.69 a		9.11±1.38 a	13.53±2.51 a
禾本科 Poaceae	12.66±4.19 a	52.57±30.96 a	117.30±37.08 ab	111.79±66.29 a	17.83±7.87 a		6.54±2.62 a	11.30±5.37 a
其他科 Others Family	14.34±1.78 a	18.05±4.81 b	62.96±22.23 b	63.68±11.76 ab	29.60±6.46 a		11.00±2.48 a	18.60±4.14 a

图1 不同植物功能群下蝗虫的丰度及种类A：蝗虫丰度的柱形图；B：蝗虫物种分布韦恩图

Fig. 1 Abundance and species of grasshoppers in different plant functional groupsA： Histogram of grasshoppers abundance； B： Venn diagram of grasshoppers species

图 2 不同植物功能群及其下蝗虫的Shannon-Wiener指数和S?rensen指数注：不同小写字母表示不同植物功能群间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Shannon-Wiener and S?rensen index of grasshoppers and different plant functional groupsNote：Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different plant functional groups at P<0.05 level.

图 3 不同植物功能群下蝗虫密度的NMDS及PermANOVA分析

Fig. 3 NMDS and PermANOVA of grasshoppers density under different plant functional groups

图4 结构方程模型和随机森林模型分析A：SEM模型，橙色箭头表示正向显著路径，灰色虚线标示不显著的路径，路径箭头旁的数字表示标准路径系数，路径粗细表示标准路径系数的绝对值大小，R2c和R2m分别表示条件解释率和边际解释率在考虑/不考虑样点随机效应时所有预测因子解释的方差比例，AIC代表赤池信息准则，BIC代表贝叶斯信息准则，Fisher’C代表费舍尔组合概率检验；B：RF模型，*和**分别表示在P<0.05和P<0.01水平显著，ns表示不显著

Fig. 4 SEM and RF model analysisA： SEM model， Orange arrow represents significant positive paths， while non-significant paths are indicated by gray dashed lines， the numbers next to the path arrows represent standardized path coefficients， and the thickness of the arrows reflects the absolute value of the standardized path coefficients， the conditional （R2c） and marginal （R2m） R-squared values represent the proportion of variance explained by all predictors， with and without considering random effects at the sampling points， AIC represents the Akaike Information Criterion， BIC represents the Bayesian Information Criterion， and Fisher’s C represents the Fisher's combined probability test； B： RF model.* and ** indicate significant at P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels， respectively， ns indicates no significant

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伊犁河流域荒漠草原不同植物功能群下蝗虫群落结构及其影响因子的研究

Study on Community Structure and Influencing Factors of Grasshoppers Under Different Plants Functional Groups in Yili River Basin Desert Grasslands

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