黄河上游耕地“三生”空间耦合协调时空演变特征分析

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0282

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示耕地生产、生活和生态（“三生”）空间耦合协调程度及其空间分布特征，通过构建耕地“三生”空间综合评价指标，利用熵权法确定指标权重，借助耦合度和耦合协调度模型，测算甘肃省2013—2022年的耕地“三生”空间耦合度和耦合协调度，分析其时序演变的趋势特征和变动原因，利用ArcGis绘制2013、2016、2019和2022年甘肃省14个市（州）的耕地“三生”空间耦合协调度分布图，探究其空间分布特点。结果表明，耕地“三生”空间综合发展水平差异大，生产空间综合发展水平呈“U”型，发展水平下降后稳步回升；生活空间综合发展水平呈“L”型，呈高开低走态势；生态空间综合发展水平呈“M”型，发展水平日趋低下。从时序演变来看，耕地“三生”空间总体处于低协调发展状态，2013—2022年耦合协调度总体呈“V”型，2013年耦合协调度最高，达到0.800 2， 2015年耦合协调度最低，为0.534 6；2013—2014、2019—2022年均实现了协调发展，其中，2013年为优质协调，2015—2018年处于濒临失调状态。在空间格局上，甘肃省中西部多呈濒临失调状态，东南部以“抱团式”的初级失调状态为主，耦合协调状态存在显著区域差异。以上结果表明，应结合耕地资源分布格局，以差异化耕地管控措施为基础，从据实设置种收补贴范围、适度机械化入田、农作物多样化种植、提高社会化服务水平等方面促进耕地“三生”空间实现耦合协调发展。

关键词: “三生”空间, 耦合协调, 耕地, 空间分布

Abstract:

To disclose the extent of coupling coordination among cultivated land production， living and ecological spaces as well as their spatial distribution characteristics，by constructing a comprehensive evaluation index of cultivated land “production-living-ecological” space， the index weight was determined by entropy weight method， and the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree models were used to calculate the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of cultivated land “production-living-ecological” space in Gansu province from 2013 to 2022， and the trend characteristics and reasons for their changes were analyzed. Using ArcGis， the coupling coordinated degree distribution maps of cultivated land “production-living-ecological” space in 14 cities and states of Gansu province in 2013， 2016， 2019 and 2022 were drawn， and the spatial distribution characteristics were studied. The results showed that the comprehensive development level of cultivated land “production-living-ecological” space was different greatly， and the comprehensive development level of production space showed an “U” shape， and the development level rose steadily after declining. The comprehensive development level of living space showed a “L” shape， and the development level showed a high opening and low moving trend. The comprehensive development level of ecological space showed a “M” shape， and the development level showed get lower and lower. From the perspective of temporal evolution， the “production-living-ecological” space of cultivated land was in a low coordinated development state as a whole， the coupling coordination degree generally presented a “V” shape development from 2013 to 2022， the highest coupling coordination degree was 0.800 2 in 2013， and the lowest coupling coordination degree was 0.534 6 in 2015， coordinated development was achieved in 2013 to 2014 and 2019 to 2022， of which 2013 was a high quality coordination development， and 2015 to 2018 was on the borderline dysregulation development. In terms of spatial pattern， there were obvious regional differences in the coupling coordination state， with most of the central and western part of Gansu province was on the borderline dysregulation development， the southeast was dominated by “huddling” primary dysregulation. Above results suggested that the distribution pattern of cultivated land resources should be considered， and on the basis of different cultivated land control measures to promote the coupling and coordinated development of the “production-living-ecological” space of cultivated land from setting the range of seed and harvest subsidies according to the actual situation， moderately mechanized cultivated land， diversified crop planting， and improving the level of social services.

Key words: production-living-ecological space, coupling coordination, cultivated land, spatial distribution

中图分类号:

F301.21

王雅婷, 杨清. 黄河上游耕地“三生”空间耦合协调时空演变特征分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(11): 205-215.

Yating WANG, Qing YANG. Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Evolution Characteristics of Coupling Coordination of Cultivated Land “Production-living-ecological ”Space in Upper Reaches of Yellow River ——A Case Study of Gansu Province[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(11): 205-215.

图/表 6

图 1 甘肃省行政区划及高程图注：本图基于中华人民共和国民政部官网全国行政区划信息查询平台下载的审图号为GS（2022）1873号的标准地图制作，底图无修改。

Fig. 1 Administrative divisions and elevation map of Gansu provinceNote：This map is based on the standard map No.GS（2022）1873 downloaded from the National Administrative Division Information Inquiry Platform of the official website of the Ministry of Civil Affairs， PRC. The base map has not been modified.

表 1 耕地“三生”空间综合评价指标体系

Table 1 Index system of comprehensive evaluation of cultivated land “production-living-ecological”space

一级指标

Primary index

二级指标

Secondary index

指标说明

Indicator specification

属性

Attribute

权重

Weight/

生产空间

Productin space

粮食单位面积产量

Grain yield per unit area/（kg·hm $-$ ²）

粮食总产量/粮食作物实际占用耕地面积

Total grain output/atual cultivated land occupied by grain crops

6.943 6

耕地地均产值/（万元·hm $-$ ²）

Average output value of cultivated land/（10⁴ yuan·hm $-$ ²）

农业总产值/耕地总面积

Total agricultural output value/total cultivated area

8.572 9

耕地种植指数

Cultivated land planting index/%

年播种面积/耕地总面积

Annual sown area/total cultivated area

9.339 7

土地开垦率

Land reclamation rate/%

耕地总面积/土地总面积

Total cultivated area/total land area

6.708 8

生活空间

Living space

人均粮食保有量/（kg·人 $-$ ¹）

Grain stock per capita/（kg·person $-$ ¹）

粮食总产量/（总人口×400）

Total grain production/（total population ×400）

8.304 6

家庭农业收入占比

Share of household farm income/%

家庭人均农业收入/农业人均可支配收入

Household per capita agricultural income/agricultural per capita disposable income

25.694 8

人均农业机械化水平/（kW·人 $-$ ¹）

Agricultural mechanization level per capita/（kW·person $-$ ¹）

农业机械总动力/总人口

Total power of agricultural machinery/total population

6.593 8

耕地地劳比/（hm²·人 $-$ ¹）

Labor ratio of cultivated land/（hm²·person $-$ ¹）

耕地总面积/总人口

Total cultivated area/total population

4.691 4

生态空间

Ecological space

农田生态系统多样性

Farmland ecosystem diversity/%

$- ∑ (P 1 l n P 1)$ $P 1$ ＝各品种作物播种面积/年播种面积

$- ∑ (P 1 l n P 1)$ $P 1$ ＝Sown area of each variety of crops/sown area per year

4.672 2

耕地占生态用地比重

Proportion of cultivated land in ecological land use/%

耕地总面积/（土地总面积-建设用地面积）

Total cultivated area/（total land area-construction land area）

6.450 1

耕地利用化学负荷

Chemical load of cultivated land use/（kg·hm $-$ ²）

1/2×（化肥施用量+农用地膜覆盖量）/耕地总面积

1/2×（fertilizer application amount + agricultural mulch cover amount）/total cultivated area

5.185 0

耕地开发强度

Cultivated land development intensity/%

建设用地面积/耕地总面积

Construction land area/total cultivated area

6.843 0

表 1 耕地“三生”空间综合评价指标体系

Table 1 Index system of comprehensive evaluation of cultivated land “production-living-ecological”space

一级指标

Primary index

二级指标

Secondary index

指标说明

Indicator specification

属性

Attribute

权重

Weight/

生产空间

Productin space

粮食单位面积产量

Grain yield per unit area/（kg·hm $-$ ²）

粮食总产量/粮食作物实际占用耕地面积

Total grain output/atual cultivated land occupied by grain crops

6.943 6

耕地地均产值/（万元·hm $-$ ²）

Average output value of cultivated land/（10⁴ yuan·hm $-$ ²）

农业总产值/耕地总面积

Total agricultural output value/total cultivated area

8.572 9

耕地种植指数

Cultivated land planting index/%

年播种面积/耕地总面积

Annual sown area/total cultivated area

9.339 7

土地开垦率

Land reclamation rate/%

耕地总面积/土地总面积

Total cultivated area/total land area

6.708 8

生活空间

Living space

人均粮食保有量/（kg·人 $-$ ¹）

Grain stock per capita/（kg·person $-$ ¹）

粮食总产量/（总人口×400）

Total grain production/（total population ×400）

8.304 6

家庭农业收入占比

Share of household farm income/%

家庭人均农业收入/农业人均可支配收入

Household per capita agricultural income/agricultural per capita disposable income

25.694 8

人均农业机械化水平/（kW·人 $-$ ¹）

Agricultural mechanization level per capita/（kW·person $-$ ¹）

农业机械总动力/总人口

Total power of agricultural machinery/total population

6.593 8

耕地地劳比/（hm²·人 $-$ ¹）

Labor ratio of cultivated land/（hm²·person $-$ ¹）

耕地总面积/总人口

Total cultivated area/total population

4.691 4

生态空间

Ecological space

农田生态系统多样性

Farmland ecosystem diversity/%

$- ∑ (P 1 l n P 1)$ $P 1$ ＝各品种作物播种面积/年播种面积

$- ∑ (P 1 l n P 1)$ $P 1$ ＝Sown area of each variety of crops/sown area per year

4.672 2

耕地占生态用地比重

Proportion of cultivated land in ecological land use/%

耕地总面积/（土地总面积-建设用地面积）

Total cultivated area/（total land area-construction land area）

6.450 1

耕地利用化学负荷

Chemical load of cultivated land use/（kg·hm $-$ ²）

1/2×（化肥施用量+农用地膜覆盖量）/耕地总面积

1/2×（fertilizer application amount + agricultural mulch cover amount）/total cultivated area

5.185 0

耕地开发强度

Cultivated land development intensity/%

建设用地面积/耕地总面积

Construction land area/total cultivated area

6.843 0

表 2 耕地“三生”空间耦合协调度划分标准

Table 2 Division standard of coupling coordination degree of cultivated land “production-living-ecological”space

耦合阶段

Coupling phase

协调水平

Coordination level

范围

Range

高水平耦合阶段

High level coupling stage

优质协调

High quality coordination

0.8≤D≤1

磨合阶段

Run-in stage

中度协调Moderate coordination

初级协调 Primary coordination

濒临失调 Borderline dysregulation

0.7≤D<0.8

0.6≤D<0.7

0.5≤D<0.6

拮抗阶段

Antagonistic stage

初级失调

Primary dysregulation

0.3≤D<0.5

低水平耦合阶段

Low level coupling stage

中度失调

Moderate dysregulation

D<0.3

图 2 耕地“三生”空间综合发展水平

Fig. 2 Comprehensive development level of cultivated land “production-living-ecological”space

表 3 耕地“三生”空间耦合协调水平

Table 3 Spatial coupling coordination level of cultivated land “production-living-ecological”space

年份 Year	C：耦合度 Coupling degree	D：耦合协调度 Coupling coordination degree	协调水平 Coordination level
2013	0.984 3	0.800 2	优质协调High quality coordination
2014	0.993 5	0.794 0	中度协调Moderate coordination
2015	0.787 8	0.534 6	濒临失调Borderline dysregulation
2016	0.849 0	0.593 5	濒临失调Borderline dysregulation
2017	0.870 6	0.567 0	濒临失调Borderline dysregulation
2018	0.860 9	0.591 6	濒临失调Borderline dysregulation
2019	0.827 4	0.610 1	初级协调Primary coordination
2020	0.957 6	0.610 7	初级协调Primary coordination
2021	0.940 1	0.645 2	初级协调Primary coordination
2022	0.911 6	0.663 8	初级协调Primary coordination

图 3 甘肃省耕地“三生”空间耦合协调度空间分布注：本图基于中华人民共和国民政部官网全国行政区划信息查询平台下载的审图号为GS（2022）1873号的标准地图制作，底图无修改。

Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of coupling coordination degree of cultivated land “production-living-ecological” space of Gansu provinceNote：This map is based on the standard map No.GS（2022）1873 downloaded from the National Administrative Division Information Inquiry Platform of the official website of the Ministry of Civil Affairs， PRC. The base map has not been modified.

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