不同填充率与曝气工艺对滚筒堆肥效果的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0187

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (9): 172-180.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2024.0187

不同填充率与曝气工艺对滚筒堆肥效果的影响

吴疆¹^,²(), 程红胜²^,³, 丁京涛²^,³, 沈玉君¹^,², 周海宾²^,³, 郭文袖¹^,², 张迎²^,³

^1.黑龙江八一农垦大学工程学院，黑龙江大庆 163319
^2.农业农村部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所，北京 100125
^3.农业农村部规划设计研究院，资源循环利用技术与模式重点实验室，北京 100125

收稿日期:2024-03-12 接受日期:2024-04-07 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-24
通讯作者: 沈玉君
作者简介:吴疆 E-mail：1667469373@qq.com；
基金资助:
河北省重点研发计划项目(21327214D);院自主研发项目(SP202405)

Effects of Different Filling Rate and Aeration Technology on Composting Effect of Roller

Jiang WU¹^,²(), Hongsheng CHENG²^,³, Jingtao DING²^,³, Yujun SHEN¹^,², Haibin ZHOU²^,³, Wenxiu GUO¹^,², Ying ZHANG²^,³

^1.College of Engineering，Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University，Heilongjiang Daqing 163319，China
^2.Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning & Design，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Beijing 100125，China
^3.Key Laboratory of Technology and Model for Cyclic Utilization，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning & Design，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Beijing 100125，China

Received:2024-03-12 Accepted:2024-04-07 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-09-24
Contact: Yujun SHEN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为全面评价不同填充率、曝气工艺对滚筒堆肥效果的影响，采用猪粪和秸秆为原料，以堆肥无害化处理效果、肥料品质及经济环保性为评价指标，研究不同填充率（0.60和0.75）、曝气工艺（分段曝气工艺和恒定曝气工艺）对堆肥效果的影响。结果表明，填充率对滚筒堆肥效果有显著影响，高填充率（0.75）有助于提高产肥率，提升单位体积反应器物料处理量，但会延长无害化处理时间，降低肥料品质，增加硫化氢气体（H₂S）排放，物料前期难以混匀是影响高填充率堆肥效果的主要原因；低填充率（0.60）能够更好地促进物料快速无害化，提高肥料品质，但会提高氨气（NH₃）排放，但处理效率和产肥率相对较低，影响滚筒经济性。不同曝气工艺对堆肥效果影响显著，采用分段曝气工艺更有利于提升物料无害化处理效果，缩短无害化处理时间，提高肥料品质，降低运行能耗和氨气（NH₃）排放，但会增加硫化氢气体（H₂S）排放。以上研究结果为滚筒堆肥技术工程化应用提供技术支撑。

关键词: 填充率, 曝气工艺, 滚筒堆肥, 好氧发酵

Abstract:

In order to comprehensively evaluate the effects of different filling rates and aeration processes on the effect of roller compost， the pig manure and straw were used as raw materials， and took the harmless compost treatment effect， fertilizer quality and economic and environmental protection as evaluation indexes， the effects of different filling rates （0.60 and 0.75） and aeration processes （staged aeration process and constant aeration process） on the compost effect were studied. The results showed that the filling rate had a significant impact on the effect of roller composting. The high filling rate （0.75） was helpful to improve the fertilizer yield and increase the material handling capacity per unit volume reactor， but it would prolong the harmless treatment time， reduced the quality of fertilizer， and increased the emission of hydrogen sulfide gas （H₂S）. The main reason affecting the effect of high filling rate composting was that the material was difficult to mix in the early stage. Low filling rate （0.60） could better promote the rapid harmless material and improve the quality of fertilizer， but it would increase ammonia （NH₃） emissions， but the treatment efficiency and fertilizer production rate were relatively low， affecting the economy of the drum. Different aeration processes had a significant impact on the composting effect. The use of segmentation aeration process was more conducive to improve the harmless treatment effect of materials， shorten the harmless treatment time， improve fertilizer quality， and reduce operation energy consumption and ammonia （NH₃） emission， but increasing hydrogen sulfide （H₂S） emission. Above results provided technical support for the engineering application of roller composting technology.

Key words: filling rate, aeration process, roller compost, aerobic fermentation

中图分类号:

S141.4

吴疆, 程红胜, 丁京涛, 沈玉君, 周海宾, 郭文袖, 张迎. 不同填充率与曝气工艺对滚筒堆肥效果的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(9): 172-180.

Jiang WU, Hongsheng CHENG, Jingtao DING, Yujun SHEN, Haibin ZHOU, Wenxiu GUO, Ying ZHANG. Effects of Different Filling Rate and Aeration Technology on Composting Effect of Roller[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(9): 172-180.

图/表 12

表1 试验材料基础理化性质

Table 1 Basic physical and chemical properties of test materials

材料

Material

碳含量

Carbon content/%

氮含量

Nitrogen content/%

含水率

Moisture content/%

图1 试验台结构注： 1—控制系统；2—滚筒；3—曝气风机。

Fig.1 Schematic of test bedNote： 1—Control system； 2—Roller； 3—Aeration fan.

表2 试验方案

Table 2 Experimental scheme

处理

Treatment

通风方式

Ventilation mode

填充率

Filling rate

通风速率

Ventilation rate/（L·min^‒1·kg^‒1 TS）

持续通12 min、停18 min

Keep on 12 min， stop 18 min

0.60

8.5

升温期通5 min、停25 min；高温期通12 min停18 min；降温期通8 min停22 min

Heating period on 5， stop 25；high temperature period on 12 min， stop 18 min；cooling period on 8 min， stop 22 min

0.60

8.5

持续通12 min停18 min

Keep on 12 min， stop 18 min

0.75

8.5

图2 堆肥过程中温度

Fig. 2 Temperature during composting

图3 堆肥过程中种子发芽指数

Fig. 3 GI value during composting

图4 堆肥结束物料腐熟情况

Fig. 4 After composting， the material is decomposed

图5 堆肥肥料品质

Fig. 5 Quality of composting products

图6 堆肥过程中DOM的三维荧光光谱变化A：物料初始DOM状态；B和C、D和E、F和G分别为T1、T2、T3处理第15和21 天的DOM状态。Ⅰ—类酪氨酸；Ⅱ—类色氨酸；Ⅲ—类富里酸；Ⅳ—可溶性微生物代谢产物；Ⅴ—类胡敏酸物质；图右侧标尺为荧光强度

Fig. 6 3D fluorescence spectral change of DOM during compostingA： Initial DOM state of the material； A and B， C and D， E and F are the DOM states of T1， T2， T3 treatments for the 15th and 21th day， respectively. Ⅰ—Tyrosine-like；Ⅱ—Tryptophan-like；Ⅲ—Fulvic acid-like；Ⅳ—Soluble microbial byproduct；Ⅴ—Humic acid-like components； the bar in the right of each figure is fluorescence intensity

表3 不同处理产肥率

Table 3 Fertilizer yield under different treatments

处理 Treatment	物料干质量Dry material quality/kg		产肥率 Fertilizer production rate/%
处理 Treatment	初始Initial	堆肥后After composting	产肥率 Fertilizer production rate/%
T1	14.90±0.22 b	11.32±0.34 b	76.00±3.41 b
T2	14.90±0.22 b	11.02±0.28 b	74.00±2.97 b
T3	18.74±0.42 a	15.06±0.49 a	80.00±0.81 a

图6 堆肥过程中用电能耗

Fig.6 Energy consumption in composting process

图7 堆肥过程中NH3排放及累计排放量

Fig. 7 NH3 emission and cumulative emission during composting

图8 堆肥过程中H2S排放及累计排放量

Fig. 8 H2S emission and cumulative emission during composting

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不同填充率与曝气工艺对滚筒堆肥效果的影响

Effects of Different Filling Rate and Aeration Technology on Composting Effect of Roller

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