不同土壤改良剂对土壤养分及烤烟内在品质的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0541

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨不同土壤改良剂对植烟土壤和烤烟品质的改良效果，设置不施用肥料（CK）和分别施用聚丙烯酰胺（T1）、生物炭（T2）和高碳基有机肥（T3）共4个处理，采用大田试验研究了不同处理对烤烟农艺性状、土壤理化性质、烟叶内在品质和经济性状的影响。结果表明，T3处理烤烟具有更高的生长指标，尤其在最大叶面积上显著高于T1和T2处理，增幅分别为17.06%和14.48%；T3处理土壤电导率显著增高，较T1和T2处理分别提高了83.38%和85.82%；T2处理土壤有机碳含量最高，相比于T1和T3处理，增幅分别为113.60%和53.45%；相比于CK，T3处理土壤细菌数量显著提高了10.44%，真菌数量显著降低17.51%；与CK相比，T2和T3处理显著提高了烟叶总糖、还原糖、钾含量和糖碱比、钾氯比，烟叶氯含量不同程度降低。T3处理下烟叶总糖、还原糖和钾含量较T1处理显著提高了8.22%、12.67%和5.26%；在产量、产值指标上，T3处理较T1和T2处理分别显著提高了14.29%和7.01%、20.81%和12.62%。说明施用土壤改良剂能不同程度提高土壤养分和烟叶内在品质，以高碳基有机肥处理效果最佳。

关键词: 聚丙烯酰胺, 生物炭, 高碳基有机肥, 土壤养分, 烤烟品质

Abstract:

In order to explore the improvement effect of different soil amendments on tobacco planting soil and flue-cured tobacco quality， a total of 4 treatments including not applying fertilizer （CK） and the application of polyacrylamide （T1）， biochar （T2），high carbon-based organic fertilizer （T3） were set up. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different treatments on agronomic characters， soil physicochemical properties， intrinsic quality and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that flue-cured tobacco in T3 treatment had higher growth indicators， especially the maximum leaf area， which was significantly higher than that in T1 and T2 treatments with an increase of 17.06% and 14.48%， respectively. Soil electrical conductivity in T3 treatment was significantly increased by 83.38% and 85.82% compared with T1 and T2 treatment， respectively. The soil organic carbon content was the highest under the T2 treatment with an increase of 113.60% and 53.45%， respectively， compared with the T1 and T3 treatments. Compared with CK， the number of soil bacteria was significantly increased by 10.44% under T3 treatment， and the number of fungi was significantly decreased by 17.51%； T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the total sugar， reducing sugar， potassium content， sugar-base ratio， potassium-chlorine ratio， and decreased the chlorine content of tobacco leaves to varying degrees. The total sugar， reducing sugar and potassium contents of tobacco leaves under T3 treatment were significantly increased by 8.22%， 12.67% and 5.26% compared with T1 treatment； in terms of yield and output value， T3 treatment was significantly improved by 14.29% and 7.01%， 20.81% and 12.62% compared with T1 and T2 treatments， respectively. It indicated that the application of soil amendments could improve soil nutrients and tobacco intrinsic quality to varying degrees， and the treatment with high carbon-based organic fertilizers had the best effect.

Key words: PAM, biochar, high-carbon-based organic fertilizer, soil nutrients, flue-cured tobacco quality

中图分类号:

S572

刘著文, 杨龙飞, 刘茂林, 贾国涛, 姚倩, 马一琼, 崔廷, 杨欣玲, 陈洋, 程良琨. 不同土壤改良剂对土壤养分及烤烟内在品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(11): 190-198.

Zhuwen LIU, Longfei YANG, Maolin LIU, Guotao JIA, Qian YAO, Yiqiong MA, Ting CUI, Xinling YANG, Yang CHEN, Liangkun CHENG. Effects of Different Soil Amendments on Soil Nutrients and Inherent Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(11): 190-198.

图/表 6

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项目Item	土壤Soil	生物炭Biochar
pH	5.58	9.71
电导率Electric conductivity/（μs·cm^-1）	151.21	177.84
有机碳含量Organic carbon content/（g·kg^-1）	1.27	561.69
速效氮含量Available nitrogen content/（mg·kg^-1）	0.21	9.62
速效磷含量Available phosphorus content/（mg·kg^-1）	3.27	19.14
速效钾含量Available potassium content/（mg·kg^-1）	65.76	39.11

项目Item	土壤Soil	生物炭Biochar
pH	5.58	9.71
电导率Electric conductivity/（μs·cm^-1）	151.21	177.84
有机碳含量Organic carbon content/（g·kg^-1）	1.27	561.69
速效氮含量Available nitrogen content/（mg·kg^-1）	0.21	9.62
速效磷含量Available phosphorus content/（mg·kg^-1）	3.27	19.14
速效钾含量Available potassium content/（mg·kg^-1）	65.76	39.11

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	茎围 Stem girt/cm	节距 Pitch/cm	有效叶数 Productive leaf number	最大叶面积 Maximum leaf area/cm²
CK	100.84±2.71 b	7.61±0.26 b	4.24±0.16 b	21.09±0.83 a	1 085.65±37.78 c
T1	102.75±3.70 ab	8.12±0.36 ab	4.79±0.15 a	21.38±0.78 a	1 128.81±49.05 bc
T2	106.75±3.94 ab	8.46±0.26 a	4.57±0.18 ab	21.38±0.61 a	1 154.23±29.84 b
T3	109.31±5.33 a	8.57±0.37 a	4.81±0.13 a	21.68±1.06 a	1 321.39±33.76 a

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	茎围 Stem girt/cm	节距 Pitch/cm	有效叶数 Productive leaf number	最大叶面积 Maximum leaf area/cm²
CK	100.84±2.71 b	7.61±0.26 b	4.24±0.16 b	21.09±0.83 a	1 085.65±37.78 c
T1	102.75±3.70 ab	8.12±0.36 ab	4.79±0.15 a	21.38±0.78 a	1 128.81±49.05 bc
T2	106.75±3.94 ab	8.46±0.26 a	4.57±0.18 ab	21.38±0.61 a	1 154.23±29.84 b
T3	109.31±5.33 a	8.57±0.37 a	4.81±0.13 a	21.68±1.06 a	1 321.39±33.76 a

指标Index	CK	T1	T2	T3
总氮Total nitrogen/%	2.18±0.10 ab	2.25±0.09 a	2.15±0.06 ab	2.03±0.09 b
烟碱 Nicotine/%	2.82±0.13 a	2.76±0.13 a	2.73±0.08 a	2.70±0.09 a
总糖 Total sugar/%	23.38±0.89 c	24.04±0.78 bc	25.40±0.94 ab	26.01±0.90 a
还原糖 Reducing sugar/%	20.85±0.84 b	20.99±0.58 b	22.84±0.87 a	23.64±0.73 a
钾 Potassium/%	2.14±0.05 b	2.15±0.05 b	2.24±0.04 a	2.26±0.03 a
氯 Chlorine/%	0.43±0.01 a	0.41±0.01 b	0.38±0.01 c	0.37±0.02 c
氮碱比 Nitrogen to alkali ratio	0.77±0.02 b	0.81±0.02 a	0.79±0.03 ab	0.75±0.03 b
糖碱比 Sugar to base ratio	7.39±0.28 b	7.59±0.25 b	8.37±0.36 a	8.75±0.33 a
钾氯比 Potassium chloride ratio	4.99±0.23 b	5.24±0.19 b	5.89±0.27 a	6.04±0.20 a