混合盐胁迫对白榆幼苗形态及生理指标的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0172

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示混合盐胁迫对白榆幼苗形态及生理指标的影响，以白榆幼苗为试验材料，采用盆栽法，设置6个混合盐（等浓度NaCl和NaHCO₃溶液）浓度［0（CK）、10（T1）、30（T2）、50（T3）、70（T4）、100（T5） mmol·L^-1］对白榆幼苗进行不同时间胁迫处理，分析混合盐胁迫下白榆幼苗的生长及生理指标的变化。结果表明，白榆幼苗生长对盐胁迫反应敏感，当盐浓度（10 mmol·L^-1）较低时即表现出明显的抑制作用，胁迫35 d后，随着盐浓度的升高，白榆幼苗的总生物量、株高及地径增长量均显著降低，当混合盐浓度高于50 mmol·L^-1时，各处理间降幅趋于稳定。不同盐浓度胁迫下，根冠比值均大于对照组；随着盐胁迫程度的加剧，丙二醛含量和相对电导率在不同处理时间下均逐渐增大，而可溶性糖、过氧化物酶及超氧化物歧化酶均呈现先升高后降低的趋势；不同处理时间下，叶绿素含量随着盐胁迫浓度的增加显著降低，混合盐浓度为100 mmol·L^-1时，不同处理时间下叶绿素含量均为最小值。混合盐胁迫对白榆幼苗的生长具有一定程度的抑制作用，但白榆幼苗可通过渗透调节及提高保护酶活性主动适应逆境，从而表现出较强的抗盐能力。研究结果旨在为白榆在盐碱地区的种植提供理论依据和技术参考。

关键词: 白榆幼苗, 混合盐胁迫, 生长指标, 生理指标

Abstract:

To reveal the effect of mixed salt stress on the morphology and physiological indexes of Ulmus pumila seedlings， taking Ulmus pumila seedlings as experimental materials， this paper used potted method， and designed 6 mixed salt （isometric NaCl and NaHCO₃ solutions） concentration treatment［0 （CK）， 10 （T1）， 30 （T2）， 50 （T3） 70 （T4）， 100 （T5） mmol·L^-1］ to stress the Ulmus pumila seedlings at different time. The growth and physiological indexes of Ulmus pumila seedlings under mixed salt stress were analyzed. The results showed that the growth of Ulmus pumila seedlings was sensitive to salt stress. When the salt concentration was low （10 mmol·L^-1）， it showed obvious inhibitory effect. After stressed for 35 d， the total biomass，height， and ground diameter growth of the Ulmus pumila seedlings significantly decreased with the increase of salt concentration. When the mixed salt concentration was more than 50 mmol·L^-1， the decreasing range among treatments tended to be stable. Under different salt concentration stress， the ratio of root to shoot was higher than that of the control group. With the increase of salt stress， the content of malondialdehyde and relative conductivity gradually increased at different treatment time. While the soluble sugar， peroxidase and super oxidation dismutase showed trends of increasing first and then decreasing. Under different treatment time，the chlorophyll content significantly decreased with the increase of the salt stress concentration. When the mixed salt concentration was 100 mmol·L^-1， the chlorophyll content at different treatment time was the minimum. Mixed salt stress could inhibit the growth of Ulmus pumila seedlings to a certain extent. However， Ulmus pumila seedlings could actively adapt to adversity through osmotic adjustment and improve the activity of protective enzymes， thus showing strong salt resistance. The results of this study provided theoretical basis and technical reference for the cultivation of Ulmus pumila in saline-alkali areas.

Key words: Ulmus pumila seedlings, mixed salt stress, growth index, physiological index

中图分类号:

S792.19

郝艳玲, 闫伟. 混合盐胁迫对白榆幼苗形态及生理指标的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(7): 69-76.

Yanling HAO, Wei YAN. Effects of Mixed Salt Stress on Morphological and Physiological Indexes of Ulmus pumila Seedlings[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2022, 24(7): 69-76.

图/表 5

图1 混合盐胁迫下白榆幼苗的株高增长量和地径增长量注：柱形图标上方不同小写字母表示不同处理在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig.1 Plant height growth and ground diameter growth of Ulmus pumila seedlings under mixed salt stressNote： Different small letters above bar indicate significant difference among the different treatments at the P<0.05 level.

表1 混合盐胁迫下白榆幼苗的生物量和盐耐受系数

Table1 Biomass and salt tolerance coefficient of Ulmus pumila seedlings under different mixed salt stress

处理 Treatment	总生物量 Total biomass/g	根部干重 Root dry weight/g	根冠比 Root shoot ratio	盐耐受系数 Salt tolerance coefficient
CK	2.43±0.05 a	1.29±0.03 a	1.13±0.01 a	1.00±0.00 a
T1	1.72±0.14 b	0.96±0.11 b	1.28±0.12 a	0.71±0.04 b
T2	1.27±0.12 c	0.70±0.07 c	1.22±0.03 a	0.52±0.06 c
T3	1.12±0.09 c	0.65±0.08 c	1.37±0.21 a	0.46±0.03 c
T4	1.08±0.18 c	0.63±0.09 c	1.42±0.08 a	0.45±0.08 c
T5	0.97±0.02 c	0.55±0.03 c	1.31±0.13 a	0.40±0.02 c

图2 混合盐胁迫下白榆幼苗MDA含量及SS含量的变化注：不同小写字母表示同一时间不同处理在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig.2 Changes of MDA content and SS content of Ulmus pumila seedlings under mixed salt stressNote： Different small letters indicate significant difference among the different treatments of the same time at the P<0.05 level.

图3 混合盐胁迫下白榆幼苗SOD活性及POD活性的变化注：不同小写字母表示同一时间不同处理在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig.3 Changes of SOD and POD activities of Ulmus pumila seedlings under mixed salt stressNote： Different small letters indicate significant difference among the different treatments of the same time at the P<0.05 level.

图4 混合盐胁迫下白榆幼苗相对电导率及叶绿素含量的变化注：不同小写字母表示同一时间不同处理在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig.4 Changes of relative conductivity and chlorophyll content of Ulmus pumila seedlings under mixed salt stressNote： Different small letters indicate significant difference among the different treatments of the same time at the P<0.05 level.

参考文献 33

1	谭舒心.混合盐胁迫下藜麦生理特性的研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2017.
	TAN S X. Research on physiological characteristics of Chenopodium quinoa wild. under salt-alkali stress [D]. Changchun: Northeast Normal University, 2017.
2	黎雅楠.藜麦在盐碱地改良中的应用前景[J].绿色科技,2018(21):104-105.
	LI Y N. Application prospect of Chenopodium quinoa wild in the improvement of saline-alkali land [J]. Green Tech., 2018(21): 104-105.
3	MOUNGAR A, BADAOUI H, ABRI M. 16-channels wavelength efficient demultiplexing around 1.31/1.55 μm in 2D photonic crystal slab [J/OL]. Optik, 2019, 193: 162685 [2022-03-03]. .
4	张梦璇,董智,李红丽,等.不同白榆品系对滨海盐碱地的改良效果及盐分离子的分布与吸收[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(6):340-345.
	ZHANG M X, DONG Z, LI H L, et al.. Improvement effects of different Ulmus Pumila strains on coastal saline alkali soil and distribution and absorption of salt ions [J]. J. Soil Water Conserv., 2018, 32(6): 340-345.
5	张磊,侯云鹏,王立春.盐碱胁迫对植物的影响及提高植物耐盐碱性的方法[J].东北农业科学,2018,43(4):11-16.
	ZHANG L, HOU Y P, WANG L C. Effect of alkaline salt stress on plant and method of enhancing saline-alkali resistance [J]. Northeast Agric. Sci., 2018, 43(4): 11-16.
6	杨伟,王坚强,刘勇,等.植物盐胁迫研究进展[J].园艺与种苗,2018,38(5):55-57.
	YANG W, WANG J Q, LIU Y, et al.. Research progress of plant salt stress [J]. Gard. Seedl., 2018, 38(5): 55-57.
7	张翼夫,李问盈,胡红,等.盐碱地改良研究现状及展望[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(18):7-10.
8	水润廷.世界四大行道树之一——七叶树[J].中国果菜,2009(8):41.
9	梓叶.中国森林认证体系(CFCS)与森林认证体系认可计划(PEFC)实现互认[J].中国人造板,2014,21(4):43.
10	慕德宇.白榆无性系耐盐性评价及耐盐机理研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
	MW D Y. Study on salt tolerance evaluation and salt tolerance mechanism of Ulmus pumila clone [D]. Xianyang: Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 2016.
11	田志和,董健.白榆种源和种源内家系综合选择及早期选择的研究[J].辽宁林业科技,1990(2):3-5.
12	刘炳响.白榆耐盐生理生态机制研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2012.
	LIU B X. Research on the physiological-ecological mechanism of salt tolerance in Ulmus pumila [D]. Baoding: Hebei Agricultural University, 2012.
13	夏尚光.美国岩榆的引种育苗技术与耐盐耐旱特性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2005.
	XIA S G. Study on introduction and seedling-breeding of rock elms from America and its physiological characters under water-and-salt stress [D]. Nanjing: Nanjing Forestry University, 2005.
14	李庆贱,李悦,陈志强,等.盐碱胁迫下白榆苗期遗传变异与优良家系选择[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(3):53-57.
	LI Q J, LI Y, CHEN Z Q, et al. Genetic variation and selection of fine families of Ulmus pumila L.in seedling stage under saline-alkali stress [J]. J. Beijing For. Univ., 2012, 34(3): 53-57.
15	夏尚光,张金池,梁淑英.NaCl胁迫对3种榆树幼苗生理特性的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2008(2):52-56.
	XIA S G, ZHANG J C, LIANG S Y. Effect of NaCl stress on physiological characteristics of three elm species seedlings [J]. J. Hebei Agric.Univ., 2008(2): 52-56.
16	刘炳响,王志刚,梁海永,等.盐胁迫对不同生境白榆生理特性与耐盐性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(6):1481-1489.
	LIU B X, WANG Z G, LIANG H Y, et al.. Effects of salt stress on physiological characters and salt-tolerance of Ulmus pumila in different habitats [J]. J. Applied Ecol., 2012, 23(6): 1481-1489.
17	宋庆云,黄圣,吕艳伟.盐碱胁迫对白榆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].种子,2018,37(7):15-18.
	SONG Q Y, HUANG S, LYU Y W. Effect of saline-alkali stress on seed germination and seeding growth of Ulmus pumila L. [J]. Seed, 2018, 37(7): 15-18.
18	闫晶秋子,李钢铁,王月林,等.盐胁迫对蒙桑种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2020,22(1):28-37.
	YAN J Q Z, LI G T, WANG Y L, et al.. Effect of salt stress on seed germination and seeding physiological characteristics of Morus mongolica [J]. China Agric. Sci. Tech. Review, 2020, 22(1): 28-37.
19	张晓晓.3个白榆品系耐盐特性比较研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2017.
	ZHANG X X. A comparative study on the salt tolerance characteristics of three white elm strains[D].Taian: Shandong Agricultural University, 2017.
20	王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:280-282.
21	张雪,贺康宁,史常青,等.盐胁迫对柽柳和白刺幼苗生长与生理特性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(1):105-111.
	ZHANG X, HE K N, SHI C Q, et al.. Effects of salt stress on growth and physiological characteristics of Tamarix chinensis and Nitraria tangutorum seedlings [J]. J. Northwest A&F Univ. (Nat.Sci.), 2017, 45(1): 105-111.
22	刘盛波,张伟,杜尚嘉,等.NaCl胁迫对降香黄檀种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].种子,2016,35(6):22-26.
	LIU S B, ZHANG W, DU S J, et al.. Research on the seed germination and seedling growth of Dalbergia oderifera under NaCl stress [J]. Seed, 2016, 35(6): 22-26.
23	SALTER J, MORRIS K, BAILEY P, et al.. Interactive effects of salinity and water depth on the growth of Melaleuca ericifolia Sm.(Swamp paperbark) seedlings[J]. Aquatic Bot., 2007, 86(3): 213-222.
24	成广雷,张海娇,赵久然,等.临界胁迫贮藏条件下不同基因型玉米种子活力及生理变化[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(1):33-42.
	CHENG G L, ZHANG H J, ZHAO J R, et al.. Vigor and physiological changes of different genotypes ofmaize seed (Zea mays L.) under critical stress storage conditions [J]. China Agric. Sci., 2015, 48(1): 33-42.
25	LIU R. Comparative siological analysis of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) cultivars in response to salt stress and cloning of NnCIPK genes [J]. Sci. Hortic., 2014, 173(1): 29-36.
26	薄鹏飞,孙秀玲,孙同虎,等.NaCl胁迫对海滨木槿抗氧化系统和渗透调节的影响[J].西北植物学报,2008(1):113-118.
	BO P F, SUN X L, SUN T H, et al.. Antioxidative system and osmotic regulation in seedlings of annual Hibiscus syriacus under salt stress [J]. Northwest Bot., 2008(1): 113-118.
27	刘一明,程凤枝,王齐,等.四种暖季型草坪植物的盐胁迫反应及其耐盐阈值[J].草业学报,2009,18(3):192-199.
	LIU Y M, CHENG F Z, WANG Q, et al.. Salinity stress responses and tolerance thresholds in four warm-season turfgrasses [J]. Acta Prata. Sin., 2009, 18(3): 192-199.
28	黄相玲,林妃妃,张明月,等.盐胁迫对小叶榄仁幼苗生长和渗透调节物质含量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(7):1364-1369.
	HUANG X L, LIN F F, ZHANG M Y, et al.. Effects of salt stress on growth and osmoregulatory substances in Terminalia neotaliala Capuron seedlings [J]. Southern Agric. J., 2018, 49(7): 1364-1369.
29	张华新,宋丹,刘正祥.盐胁迫下11个树种生理特性及其耐盐性研究[J].林业科学研究,2008(2):168-175.
	ZHANG H X, SONG D, LIU Z X. Study on physiological characteristics and salt tolerance for seedlings of 11 tree species [J]. For. Sci. Res., 2008(2): 168-175.
30	林兴生,林占熺,林冬梅,等.5种菌草苗期抗盐性的评价[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2013,42(2):195-201.
	LIN X S, LIN Z X, LIN D M,et al.. Assessment on sail resistance at seedling stage of 5 species of juncao under NaCl stress[J]. J. Fujian Agric. Fore. Univ. (Nat. Sci. ED.), 2013, 42(2): 195-201.
31	韩志平,张海霞,周桂伶,李侠.混合盐胁迫下黄花菜生长和生理特性的变化[J].河南农业科学,2020,49(2):116-122.
	HAN Z P, ZHANG HX, ZHOU G L. Change of growth and physiological characteristics of daylily under mixed salt stress[J]. Henan Agric. Sci., 2020, 49(2): 116-122.
32	于兆友,闫海冰,张慧芳等.不同盐分胁迫对皂荚种子萌发及幼苗生理特征的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2020,51(10):28-35.
	YU Z Y, YAN H B, ZHANG H F, et al.. Effect of different salt stresses on seed germination and seedling physiological characteristics of Gleditsia sinensis [J]. J. Northeast Agric.Univ., 2020, 51(10): 28-35.
33	高汝勇.混合盐碱胁迫对大白菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(1):121-123.
	GAO R Y. Effects of three salt stresses on the seed sprouting and seedling growth of cabbage [J]. Henan Agric. Sci., 2011, 40(1): 121-123.

[1]	刘雪晴, 王静, 阳宜, 吴慧琴, 王延宏, 王麓尧, 路佳伟, 张凯璇, 翟源, 成妍. 外源乙烯利对色素辣椒脱叶及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(8): 36-46.
[2]	张余莽, 陈贵娟, 常洪艳, 王永恒, 刘淑霞, 应允秀. 水分胁迫下新型土壤保水剂对玉米苗期发育的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(1): 201-210.
[3]	黄丽芳, 龙宇宙, 李金芹, 董云萍, 王晓阳, 陈鹏, 王宪文, 闫林. 低温胁迫对小粒种咖啡幼苗生理特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(2): 60-67.
[4]	陈炟, 巨吉生, 马麒, 徐守振, 刘娟娟, 袁文敏, 李吉莲, 王彩香, 宿俊吉. FeNPs对苗期棉花根系生长及其对干旱响应的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(11): 49-57.
[5]	崔宏亮, 宋晓晓, 姚庆, 安万刚, 邢宝, 秦培友. 伊犁河谷不同藜麦品种对盐胁迫的生理响应及耐盐评价[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(5): 32-45.
[6]	彭田伟, 谢会雅, 李思军, 刘怡轩, 帅开峰, 彭媛媛, 王青, 李迪秦. 复硝酚钠和枯草芽孢杆菌复配对烟苗生长和生理指标的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(4): 154-161.
[7]	郭瑞锋, 任月梅, 杨忠, 刘贵山, 任广兵, 张绶, 朱文娟. 草甘膦铵盐诱导谷子雄性不育的转录组分析[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2022, 24(10): 35-43.
[8]	王东1,曹源倍2,吉遥芳3,傅渝亮3*. 不同滴灌量对红寺堡区酿酒葡萄生长和品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2021, 23(1): 154-161.
[9]	杨瑞萍1,刘瑞香1,马迎梅1*,郭占斌2,张宏武2,白宇1,赵新宇1. 不同藜麦资源的抗旱性评价及渗透调节剂对其抗旱性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2020, 22(9): 52-60.
[10]	张嘉雯，卢绍浩，赵喆，赵铭钦*. 外源褪黑素对低温胁迫下烟草幼苗生理指标的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2020, 22(9): 78-86.
[11]	张琛,韩婷,马洁,杨涓,刘根红,郑国琦* . 起垄高度对黑果枸杞生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2020, 22(9): 153-161.
[12]	胡博,闫伟*,刘宇,郝艳玲. 三种桑生理特性对盐胁迫的响应[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2020, 22(4): 61-67.
[13]	田梅§,曹慧雅§,张明烁§,张子璇,杨冬月,李浩然,马春英*. 红花在萌发期和幼苗期对盐胁迫的响应[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2019, 21(5): 49-54.
[14]	秦岭,陈二影,杨延兵,张艳亭,孔清华,张华文,王海莲,王润丰,管延安*. 干旱和复水对不同耐旱型谷子品种苗期生理指标的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2019, 21(3): 146-151.
[15]	王梦园1,杜延全2,朱建强1*. 复合促生菌对小麦苗期生长和土壤酶活的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2019, 21(10): 98-106.