Abstract:

The major approaches of molecular breeding are transgenic and marker-assisted selection breeding. In the present study, the biological base of molecular breeding of rice were stated from several aspects including yield, adaptability, quality, resistance and heterosis. Some important achievements were enumerated as molecular breeding of rice progressed. As a result of the sequencing of rice genome, map-based cloning of genes controlling the important agronomic traits, the gradually perfected transgenic technology, the rapid development of bioinformatics, and the development of software in simulating  breeding, breeding by molecular design has increasingly become an important method of rice breeding.

Key words: molecular breeding , marker-assisted selection , transgenic, breeding by design

摘要：

转基因育种和分子标记辅助选择育种是分子育种的主要内容,本文从产量、适应性、品质、抗性和杂种优势利用方面阐述了水稻分子育种的生物学基础,以及开展分子育种以来所取得的一些重要成就;随着水稻基因组测序和重要农艺性状基因的精细定位和图位克隆,转基因技术的日渐完善,生物信息学的快速发展,模拟育种软件的开发等,使分子设计育种逐渐成为水稻育种的手段。

关键词: 分子育种 标记辅助选择 转基因 设计育种