配合饲料替代活饵对翘嘴鳜生长性能、消化功能及抗氧化能力的影响

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2025.0123

中国农业科技导报 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (11): 32-42.DOI: 10.13304/j.nykjdb.2025.0123

配合饲料替代活饵对翘嘴鳜生长性能、消化功能及抗氧化能力的影响

闫芸芸¹^,²(), 汪福保³, 董浚键², 张赫桐², 高风英², 张媛², 叶星², 孙成飞²(), 吴成宾¹()

^1.河北农业大学海洋学院，河北秦皇岛 066000
^2.中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所，农业农村部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室，广州 510380
^3.广东杰大饲料有限公司，广东省特种水产功能饲料工程技术研究中心，广东佛山 528211

收稿日期:2025-02-26 接受日期:2025-05-07 出版日期:2025-11-15 发布日期:2025-11-17
通讯作者: 孙成飞,吴成宾
作者简介:闫芸芸 E-mail： 20222170546@pgs.hebau.edu.cn
基金资助:
广东省自然科学基金项目(2023A1515011543);国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD2401500);国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD2401500);国家自然科学基金项目(32303030);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-46);广东省农村科技特派员项目(KTP20240752);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2023TD95);河北省自然科学基金项目(C2021204089);河北省自然科学基金项目(V1654588161890);河北省自然科学基金项目(236Z6701G);河北农业大学人才引进基金项目(YJ2020032);广东省现代农业产业技术体系（淡水鱼体系）创新团队建设项目(2024CXTD26);2023年省级乡村振兴战略专项种业振兴行动项目(2023-SJS-00-001)

Effect of Replacing Live Bait with Compound Feed on Growth Performance， Digestive Function and Antioxidant Capacity of Siniperca chuatsi

Yunyun YAN¹^,²(), Fubao WANG³, Junjian DONG², Hetong ZHANG², Fengying GAO², Yuan ZHANG², Xing YE², Chengfei SUN²(), Chengbin WU¹()

^1.Ocean College，Hebei Agricultural University，Hebei Qinhuangdao 066000，China
^2.Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute，Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences，Guangzhou 510380，China
^3.Guangdong Special Aquatic Functional Feed Engineering Technology Research Center，Guangdong Jieda Feed Co. Ltd. ，Guangdong Foshan 528211，China

Received:2025-02-26 Accepted:2025-05-07 Online:2025-11-15 Published:2025-11-17
Contact: Chengfei SUN,Chengbin WU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

鳜鱼（Siniperca chuatsi）是我国重要的淡水养殖优质鱼类，天生吃活饵，是凶猛的肉食性鱼类。采用人工驯化的方法改变肉食性鱼类的食性可以降低养殖成本并减少对自然资源的依赖。为探究配合饲料替代活饵对翘嘴鳜生长性能、消化功能及抗氧化能力的影响，将驯化的翘嘴鳜幼鱼（23.17±0.75 g）分别饲喂配合饲料（F组）、活饵（B组）、1餐饲料和1餐活饵（M组），养殖3个月后测量其生长指标及消化酶和抗氧化酶活性，并观察胃肠道组织显微结构。结果显示，F组的体质量和体长显著高于M组，F组的饲料系数显著低于B组，全长、体高、肥满度、肝体比和脏体比在3组之间均无显著差异；F组和M组的超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于B组，B组和M组的过氧化氢酶活性显著高于F组，F组的还原型谷胱甘肽含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于M组，B组的总抗氧化能力显著高于M组，3组之间的丙二醛含量差异不显著。在胃组织中，M组胰蛋白酶活性显著低于B组，F组淀粉酶活性显著高于B组，胃脂肪酶活性和肠道消化酶活性在3组间差异不显著；F组肠道绒毛高度显著高于B组和M组，相比B组，F组和M组肠道绒毛较稀疏，肠腔中绒毛间空隙增大。综上，翘嘴鳜经过驯化后摄食配合饲料不会影响其生长性能，但M组的饲喂效果不及另外2组。鱼体通过提高淀粉酶活性和部分抗氧化酶活性，以及增加肠道绒毛高度和绒毛间空隙，对饲料养殖具有一定的适应性。研究结果为鳜鱼的大规模饲料养殖以及饲料成分的进一步优化提供了理论依据。

关键词: 翘嘴鳜, 配合饲料, 生长性能, 消化功能, 抗氧化能力

Abstract:

Siniperca chuatsi is an important high-quality freshwater aquaculture species in China. As a naturally carnivorous and highly predatory fish， it primarily feeds on live bait. Artificial domestication methods to alter the dietary habits of carnivorous fish can reduce farming costs and decrease reliance on natural resources. To investigate the effects of replacing live bait with compound feed on the growth performance， digestive function and antioxidant capacity of S. chuatsi， juvenile S. chuatsi （23.17±0.75 g） were divided into 3 groups： compound feed （F group）， live bait （B group）， a mixed diet of one meal of compound feed and one meal of live bait （M group）. After 3 months of farming， growth performance indicators were measured， digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities were assessed， and the microstructures of the gastrointestinal tract were observed. The results showed that the body weight and body length of F group were significantly higher than those of M group， and the feed conversion ratio of F group was significantly lower than that of B group. However， no significant differences were observed in total length， body height， condition factor， hepatosomatic index， and viscerosomatic index among the 3 groups. The superoxide dismutase activity in F and M groups was significantly higher than that in B group， while the catalase activity in B and M groups was significantly higher than that in F group. The reduced glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase activity in F group were significantly higher than those in M group， and the total antioxidant capacity in B group was significantly higher than that in M group. No significant differences were observed in malondialdehyde content among the 3 groups. In gastric tissues， the trypsin activity in M group was significantly lower than that in B group， while the amylase activity in F group was significantly higher than that in B group. No significant differences were observed in gastric lipase activity and intestinal digestive enzyme activities among the 3 groups. The intestinal villus height in the F group was significantly greater than that in B and M groups. Compared to B group， the intestinal villi in F and M groups were sparser， with increased inter-villus spaces in the intestinal lumen. In conclusion， domesticated S. chuatsi fed with compound feed showed no adverse effects on growth performance， although M group was less effective than the other 2 groups. The fish adapted to the compound feed by enhancing amylase activity， increasing specific antioxidant enzyme activities， and improving intestinal villus height and inter-villus spaces. Above results provided theoretical basis for the large-scale farming of S. chuatsi using formulated feed and further optimization of feed composition.

Key words: Siniperca chuatsi, compound feed, growth performance, digestive function, antioxidant capacity

中图分类号:

S917.4

闫芸芸, 汪福保, 董浚键, 张赫桐, 高风英, 张媛, 叶星, 孙成飞, 吴成宾. 配合饲料替代活饵对翘嘴鳜生长性能、消化功能及抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2025, 27(11): 32-42.

Yunyun YAN, Fubao WANG, Junjian DONG, Hetong ZHANG, Fengying GAO, Yuan ZHANG, Xing YE, Chengfei SUN, Chengbin WU. Effect of Replacing Live Bait with Compound Feed on Growth Performance， Digestive Function and Antioxidant Capacity of Siniperca chuatsi[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 27(11): 32-42.

图/表 6

图1 不同饲喂方式下翘嘴鳜的生长指标注：不同小写字母表示不同组间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 1 Growth indexes of S. chuatsi under different feeding practicesNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different groups at P<0.05 level.

图2 不同饲喂方式下翘嘴鳜肝脏组织的抗氧化酶活性注：不同小写字母表示不同组别间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 2 Antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver tissue of S. chuatsi under different feeding practicesNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different groups at P<0.05 level.

图3 不同饲喂方式下翘嘴鳜胃肠道组织的消化酶活性注：不同小写字母表示不同组别间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 3 Digestive enzyme activities in the stomach and intestine tissues of S. chuatsi under different feeding practicesNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different groups at P<0.05 level.

图4 不同饲喂方式下翘嘴鳜胃组织结构A：活饵组胃组织切片，SL—浆膜层，ML—肌层，SM—黏膜下层，Muc—黏膜层，GP—胃小凹，MT—肌层厚度；B：混合组胃组织切片；C：饲料组胃组织切片

Fig. 4 Stomach tissue structure of S. chuatsi under different feeding practicesA：Stomach tissue section of the live bait group， SL—Serosa layer， ML—Muscularis layer， SM—Submucosa layer， Muc—Mucous layer， GP—Gastric pits， MT—muscle thickness； B：Stomach tissue section of the mixed diet group； C： Stomach tissue section of the compound feed group

图5 不同饲喂方式下翘嘴鳜肠道组织结构A：活饵组肠道组织切片，SL—浆膜层，ML—肌层，SM—黏膜下层，Muc—黏膜层，GC—杯状细胞，VH—绒毛高度，VW—绒毛宽度，MT—肌层厚度；B：混合组肠道组织切片；C：饲料组肠道组织切片

Fig. 5 Intestinal tissue structure of S. chuatsi under different feeding practicesA：Intestinal tissue section of the live bait group， SL—Serosa layer， ML—Muscularis layer， SM—Submucosa layer， Muc—Mucous layer， GC—Goblet cell， VH—Villus height， VW—Villus width， MT—Muscle thickness； B：Intestinal tissue section of the mixed diet group； C：Intestinal tissue section of the compound feed group

图6 不同饲喂方式对翘嘴鳜胃肠道组织结构的影响注：不同小写字母表示不同组别间在P<0.05水平差异显著。

Fig. 6 Effect of different feeding practices on stomach and intestinal tissues structure of S. chuatsiNote： Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different groups at P<0.05 level.

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配合饲料替代活饵对翘嘴鳜生长性能、消化功能及抗氧化能力的影响

Effect of Replacing Live Bait with Compound Feed on Growth Performance， Digestive Function and Antioxidant Capacity of Siniperca chuatsi

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