复合盐碱胁迫下7个鲜食葡萄品种光合特性研究

doi:10.13304/j.nykjdb.2021.0847

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了筛选出较耐盐碱的鲜食葡萄品种，以7个新引葡萄品种为试验材料，在盆栽试验条件下，分别进行含盐碱量为0.29%、0.58%、0.87%的复合盐碱胁迫，于胁迫后第30天测定叶片SPAD值、光合参数日变化、荧光参数日变化，并采用主成分分析的方法对7个品种的耐盐碱性进行评价。结果表明，‘黑脆无核’的净光合速率日变化呈“单峰”曲线，其他6个品种呈“双峰”曲线，每日最高峰值均出现在11∶00。出现光合午休的6个品种中，‘深红玫瑰’‘浪漫红颜’‘甜蜜蓝宝石’主要受非气孔因素限制；‘丝路红玫瑰’‘阳光玫瑰’‘早夏无核’主要受气孔因素限制。随着盐碱胁迫程度的增加，叶片的SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、初始荧光、最大荧光、PSⅡ实际光化学效率和最大光能转换效率均呈下降趋势，非光化学猝灭系数呈上升趋势。主成分分析提取出4个特征根大于1的主成分，其累计贡献率为94.26%。根据该主成分综合模型得出7个品种的耐盐碱性，表现为‘早夏无核’>‘阳光玫瑰’>‘丝路红玫瑰’>‘浪漫红颜’>‘深红玫瑰’>‘黑脆无核’>‘甜蜜蓝宝石’，结果为7个新引鲜食葡萄品种在新疆地区的进一步推广应用提供了理论依据。

关键词: 鲜食葡萄, 复合盐碱胁迫, 光合特性, 主成分分析

Abstract:

In order to screen out table grape varieties with more salt-alkali tolerance， 7 new introduced grape varieties were used as experimental materials. Under the condition of pot control experiment， 3 concentrations of compound salt-alkali stress of 0.29%， 0.58% and 0.87% were carried out. On the 30^th day after the stress， the SPAD value and daily changes of photosynthetic parameters and fluorescence parameters were measured， and the principal component analysis method was used to rank the salt-alkali tolerances of the 7 varieties. The results showed that diurnal variation curves of net photosynthesis rate in ‘Blackcrunchy Seedless’ exhibited a unimodal peak， and the other 6 varieties showed a bimodal peak， which the highest peak of the day all appeared at 11∶00. Among the 6 varieties that had midday depression of photosynthesis， ‘Crimson Rose’ ‘Wagamichi’ and ‘Sweet Sapphire’ were mainly restricted by non-stomatal factors， while Silk road red rose， Shine muscat and Zaoxiawuhe were mainly restricted by stomatal factors. With the increase of salt-alkali stress concentration， SPAD value， net photosynthetic rate， stomatal conductance， intercellular carbon dioxide concentration， transpiration rate， water use efficiency， initial fluorescence， maximum fluorescence， actual efficiency of PSⅡ photochemistry， maximum efficiency of PSⅡ photochemistry all showed a downward trend， while non-photochemical quenching coefficient showed an upward trend. 4 principal components were extracted by principal component analysis， and their cumulative contribution ratio was 94.26%. According to the principal component comprehensive model， the salt-alkali tolerances of 7 varieties were obtained with ‘Zaoxiawuhe’>‘Shine Muscat’>‘Silk Road Red Rose’>‘Wagamichi’>‘Crimson Rose’>‘Blackcrunchy Seedless’>‘Sweet Sapphire’， which provided a theoretical basis for the further popularization and application of 7 newly introduced table grape varieties in Xinjiang.

Key words: table grape, compound salt-alkali stress, photosynthetic characteristics, principal component analysis

中图分类号:

S663.1

卢倩倩, 阿布都外力·阿不力米提, 侯毅兴, 李志慧, 王爽, 周龙. 复合盐碱胁迫下7个鲜食葡萄品种光合特性研究[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 2023, 25(7): 63-76.

Qianqian LU, Abuduwaili Abulimiti, Yixing HOU, Zhihui LI, Shuang WANG, Long ZHOU. Research of the Photosynthetic Characteristics of 7 Table Grape Varieties Under Compound Salt-alkali Stress[J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2023, 25(7): 63-76.

图/表 14

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指标 Index	T1				T2				T3				平均 Mean
指标 Index	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4
净光合速率P_n	0.52	0.42	-0.64	0.13	0.97	0.11	-0.13	0.10	0.70	0.01	0.43	0.52	0.68	0.25	0.59	-0.32
PSⅡ实际光化学效率ΦPSⅡ	-0.27	-0.49	0.63	0.35	0.31	0.34	0.22	0.82	0.46	-0.67	-0.58	0.03	-0.16	-0.69	0.23	0.65
PSⅡ最大光能转换效率F_v/F_m	0.52	0.16	0.51	0.65	0.70	0.61	0.21	-0.05	0.69	-0.07	-0.33	0.23	0.62	0.47	0.21	0.51
水分利用效率WUE	-0.52	-0.35	-0.53	0.36	-0.63	0.04	-0.48	0.46	-0.49	-0.41	0.71	-0.10	-0.60	-0.42	0.41	-0.43
气孔导度G_s	0.86	0.11	0.42	-0.04	0.95	-0.03	-0.11	-0.17	0.90	0.17	0.05	0.30	0.85	0.35	0.19	-0.10
胞间CO₂浓度C_i	0.19	-0.71	0.31	-0.51	0.41	-0.71	0.50	0.28	0.80	0.25	0.19	-0.29	0.72	-0.14	-0.59	-0.05
蒸腾速率T_r	0.93	0.07	0.18	-0.28	0.96	-0.12	0.20	-0.12	0.88	0.36	0.12	0.28	0.91	0.35	0.10	-0.05
初始荧光F_o	-0.67	0.57	0.30	-0.31	-0.90	0.28	0.32	-0.14	-0.80	0.37	0.01	0.28	-0.81	0.52	-0.25	-0.11
最大荧光F_m	0.00	0.89	0.14	0.37	0.02	0.87	0.48	-0.01	-0.92	0.15	-0.08	0.27	-0.39	0.86	0.22	0.15
非光化学猝灭系数NPQ	-0.17	0.90	0.07	-0.39	-0.45	0.01	0.84	-0.05	-0.65	0.63	-0.29	0.22	-0.47	0.79	-0.37	0.05
SPAD值 SPAD value	-0.59	0.18	0.70	0.03	0.07	0.86	-0.37	-0.06	-0.47	-0.70	0.05	0.54	-0.77	0.28	0.49	0.13
特征值 Eigenvalue	3.33	3.05	2.25	1.42	4.90	2.58	1.81	1.05	5.77	1.89	1.29	1.08	4.90	2.92	1.50	1.04
贡献率 Contribution rate/%	30.31	27.72	20.42	12.91	44.51	23.45	16.42	9.55	52.49	17.15	11.71	9.83	44.57	26.58	13.62	9.49
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	30.31	58.03	78.45	91.36	44.51	67.96	84.38	93.92	52.49	69.64	81.35	91.18	44.57	71.15	84.77	94.26

指标 Index	T1				T2				T3				平均 Mean
指标 Index	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4
净光合速率P_n	0.52	0.42	-0.64	0.13	0.97	0.11	-0.13	0.10	0.70	0.01	0.43	0.52	0.68	0.25	0.59	-0.32
PSⅡ实际光化学效率ΦPSⅡ	-0.27	-0.49	0.63	0.35	0.31	0.34	0.22	0.82	0.46	-0.67	-0.58	0.03	-0.16	-0.69	0.23	0.65
PSⅡ最大光能转换效率F_v/F_m	0.52	0.16	0.51	0.65	0.70	0.61	0.21	-0.05	0.69	-0.07	-0.33	0.23	0.62	0.47	0.21	0.51
水分利用效率WUE	-0.52	-0.35	-0.53	0.36	-0.63	0.04	-0.48	0.46	-0.49	-0.41	0.71	-0.10	-0.60	-0.42	0.41	-0.43
气孔导度G_s	0.86	0.11	0.42	-0.04	0.95	-0.03	-0.11	-0.17	0.90	0.17	0.05	0.30	0.85	0.35	0.19	-0.10
胞间CO₂浓度C_i	0.19	-0.71	0.31	-0.51	0.41	-0.71	0.50	0.28	0.80	0.25	0.19	-0.29	0.72	-0.14	-0.59	-0.05
蒸腾速率T_r	0.93	0.07	0.18	-0.28	0.96	-0.12	0.20	-0.12	0.88	0.36	0.12	0.28	0.91	0.35	0.10	-0.05
初始荧光F_o	-0.67	0.57	0.30	-0.31	-0.90	0.28	0.32	-0.14	-0.80	0.37	0.01	0.28	-0.81	0.52	-0.25	-0.11
最大荧光F_m	0.00	0.89	0.14	0.37	0.02	0.87	0.48	-0.01	-0.92	0.15	-0.08	0.27	-0.39	0.86	0.22	0.15
非光化学猝灭系数NPQ	-0.17	0.90	0.07	-0.39	-0.45	0.01	0.84	-0.05	-0.65	0.63	-0.29	0.22	-0.47	0.79	-0.37	0.05
SPAD值 SPAD value	-0.59	0.18	0.70	0.03	0.07	0.86	-0.37	-0.06	-0.47	-0.70	0.05	0.54	-0.77	0.28	0.49	0.13
特征值 Eigenvalue	3.33	3.05	2.25	1.42	4.90	2.58	1.81	1.05	5.77	1.89	1.29	1.08	4.90	2.92	1.50	1.04
贡献率 Contribution rate/%	30.31	27.72	20.42	12.91	44.51	23.45	16.42	9.55	52.49	17.15	11.71	9.83	44.57	26.58	13.62	9.49
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	30.31	58.03	78.45	91.36	44.51	67.96	84.38	93.92	52.49	69.64	81.35	91.18	44.57	71.15	84.77	94.26

指标 Index	T1				T2				T3				平均Mean
指标 Index	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4
总得分公式 Total scoring formula	F=0.39 F₁+0.35 F₂+0.26 F₃+0.17 F₄				F=0.47 F₁+0.25 F₂+0.18 F₃+0.10 F₄				F=0.58 F₁+0.19 F₂+0.13 F₃+0.11 F₄				F=0.47 F₁+0.28 F₂+0.14 F₃+0.10 F₄
P_n	0.16	0.14	-0.28	0.09	0.20	0.04	-0.07	0.10	0.12	0.00	0.34	0.48	0.14	0.09	0.40	-0.30
ΦPSⅡ	-0.08	-0.16	0.28	0.25	0.06	0.13	0.12	0.78	0.08	-0.36	-0.45	0.02	-0.03	-0.24	0.15	0.63
F_v/F_m	0.16	0.05	0.23	0.46	0.14	0.24	0.12	-0.05	0.12	-0.04	-0.26	0.22	0.13	0.16	0.14	0.49
WUE	-0.16	-0.11	-0.24	0.26	-0.13	0.02	-0.27	0.44	-0.09	-0.22	0.55	-0.09	-0.12	-0.15	0.27	-0.42
G_s	0.26	0.04	0.19	-0.03	0.19	-0.01	-0.06	-0.17	0.16	0.09	0.04	0.28	0.17	0.12	0.13	-0.09
C_i	0.06	-0.23	0.14	-0.36	0.08	-0.27	0.27	0.27	0.14	0.13	0.15	-0.27	0.15	-0.05	-0.39	-0.04
T_r	0.28	0.02	0.08	-0.19	0.20	-0.05	0.11	-0.12	0.15	0.19	0.09	0.26	0.19	0.12	0.06	-0.04
F_o	-0.20	0.19	0.13	-0.22	-0.18	0.11	0.18	-0.13	-0.14	0.20	0.01	0.26	-0.16	0.18	-0.17	-0.10
F_m	0.00	0.29	0.06	0.26	0.01	0.34	0.27	-0.01	-0.16	0.08	-0.06	0.25	-0.08	0.30	0.14	0.15
NPQ	-0.05	0.30	0.03	-0.28	-0.09	0.00	0.46	-0.05	-0.11	0.33	-0.23	0.21	-0.10	0.27	-0.25	0.05
SPAD值 SPAD value	-0.18	0.06	0.31	0.02	0.01	0.33	-0.20	-0.06	-0.08	-0.37	0.04	0.50	-0.16	0.10	0.33	0.12

指标 Index	T1				T2				T3				平均Mean
指标 Index	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4
总得分公式 Total scoring formula	F=0.39 F₁+0.35 F₂+0.26 F₃+0.17 F₄				F=0.47 F₁+0.25 F₂+0.18 F₃+0.10 F₄				F=0.58 F₁+0.19 F₂+0.13 F₃+0.11 F₄				F=0.47 F₁+0.28 F₂+0.14 F₃+0.10 F₄
P_n	0.16	0.14	-0.28	0.09	0.20	0.04	-0.07	0.10	0.12	0.00	0.34	0.48	0.14	0.09	0.40	-0.30
ΦPSⅡ	-0.08	-0.16	0.28	0.25	0.06	0.13	0.12	0.78	0.08	-0.36	-0.45	0.02	-0.03	-0.24	0.15	0.63
F_v/F_m	0.16	0.05	0.23	0.46	0.14	0.24	0.12	-0.05	0.12	-0.04	-0.26	0.22	0.13	0.16	0.14	0.49
WUE	-0.16	-0.11	-0.24	0.26	-0.13	0.02	-0.27	0.44	-0.09	-0.22	0.55	-0.09	-0.12	-0.15	0.27	-0.42
G_s	0.26	0.04	0.19	-0.03	0.19	-0.01	-0.06	-0.17	0.16	0.09	0.04	0.28	0.17	0.12	0.13	-0.09
C_i	0.06	-0.23	0.14	-0.36	0.08	-0.27	0.27	0.27	0.14	0.13	0.15	-0.27	0.15	-0.05	-0.39	-0.04
T_r	0.28	0.02	0.08	-0.19	0.20	-0.05	0.11	-0.12	0.15	0.19	0.09	0.26	0.19	0.12	0.06	-0.04
F_o	-0.20	0.19	0.13	-0.22	-0.18	0.11	0.18	-0.13	-0.14	0.20	0.01	0.26	-0.16	0.18	-0.17	-0.10
F_m	0.00	0.29	0.06	0.26	0.01	0.34	0.27	-0.01	-0.16	0.08	-0.06	0.25	-0.08	0.30	0.14	0.15
NPQ	-0.05	0.30	0.03	-0.28	-0.09	0.00	0.46	-0.05	-0.11	0.33	-0.23	0.21	-0.10	0.27	-0.25	0.05
SPAD值 SPAD value	-0.18	0.06	0.31	0.02	0.01	0.33	-0.20	-0.06	-0.08	-0.37	0.04	0.50	-0.16	0.10	0.33	0.12

品种 Varietiy	T1		T2		T3		平均 Mean
品种 Varietiy	得分 Score	排名 Ranking	得分 Score	排名 Ranking	得分 Score	排名 Ranking	得分 Score	排名 Ranking
深红玫瑰 Crimson Rose	68.33	4	67.57	7	-9.09	3	31.99	5
浪漫红颜 Wagamichi	56.52	6	75.02	3	-4.73	2	31.99	4
丝路红玫瑰 Silk Road Red Rose	70.27	3	72.21	4	-15.00	7	34.23	3
阳光玫瑰 Shine Muscat	70.57	2	79.29	2	-13.28	6	36.78	2
黑脆无核 Blackcrunchy Seedless	58.94	5	71.78	5	-2.24	1	31.79	6
甜蜜蓝宝石 Sweet Sapphire	47.41	7	70.19	6	-9.56	4	31.43	7
早夏无核 Zaoxiawuhe	82.91	1	91.42	1	-12.71	5	41.69	1